Goiter

Goiter

What is a Goiter? A goiter is a swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. This condition is typically non-cancerous and is often caused by an underlying thyroid disorder, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. What are the types of Goiter? Who does Goiter affect? Goiter,…

Claudication
|

Claudication

Introduction Claudication is characterized by muscle pain, achiness, cramping, or fatigue in the hips, thighs, or calves that occurs during walking or exercise. Specifically, claudication refers to these symptoms being caused by peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is the narrowing of arteries in the legs due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). When arterial blood flow to…

Swollen Calf
| | | |

Swollen Calf

What is a Swollen Calf? Swollen calf refers to the abnormal enlargement or puffiness in the lower leg area between the knee and ankle mainly the backside. This condition can be caused by various factors, ranging from minor injuries to serious medical conditions. The swelling may be accompanied by pain, tenderness, and restricted movement, impacting…

Quadriceps Tendon
| | | | |

Quadriceps Tendon

Introduction The quadriceps tendon is a complex yet crucial structure to proper knee function that connects the four quadriceps muscles of the thigh to the shinbone. It transmits tremendous pull from the upper leg to the lower leg, facilitating activities like walking, running, jumping, and climbing. More specifically, the quadriceps muscles converge into one common…

Peptic Ulcer
|

Peptic Ulcer

Defination A peptic ulcer is a painful open sore that develops on the inner lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus. These ulcers occur when the protective mucous layer of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is compromised, allowing digestive acids to erode the underlying tissues. Stomach pain…

Calf Muscle Sprain
| | | |

Calf Muscle Sprain

A calf muscle sprain is a common injury that occurs when the muscles at the back of the lower leg are stretched or torn. This type of injury often results from sudden movements, overuse, or inadequate warm-up before physical activity. The calf muscles, comprised of the gastrocnemius and soleus, play a crucial role in activities…

ACL Avulsion Fractures
| | | |

ACL Avulsion Fractures

Introduction An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture is a type of injury that involves the tearing away of a fragment of bone along with the attached ACL. The ACL is a crucial ligament in the knee that helps stabilize and control the joint during various movements. When a significant force is applied to the…

Diabetic Nerve Pain
| |

Diabetic Nerve Pain

Introduction Diabetic nerve pain, also known as diabetic neuropathy, is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the nerves throughout the body. It arises when prolonged high levels of blood sugar associated with diabetes damage the peripheral nerves. These nerves play a crucial role in transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various…