Psoriasis
|

Psoriasis

What is a Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales. They can grow anywhere, but most appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. Psoriasis can’t be passed…

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
| | | |

Tetralogy of Fallot

INTRODUCTION Tetralogy of Fallot (teh-TRAL-uh-jee of fuh-LOW) is a rare condition caused by a combination of four heart defects that are present at birth (congenital). These defects, which affect the structure of the heart, cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and to the rest of the body. Infants and children with tetralogy…

coactaction of aorta
| | | |

Coarctaction of Aorta

Coarctation (ko-ahrk-TAY-shun) of the aorta — or aortic coarctation — is a narrowing of the aorta, the large blood vessel that branches off your heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to your body. When this occurs, your heart must pump harder to force blood through the narrowed part of your aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is…

|

ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

INTRODUCTION Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart condition characterized by abnormal openings in the septum between the heart’s atria and ventricles. This defect can lead to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, potentially causing various health issues and requiring surgical intervention. Understanding AVSD is crucial for both medical professionals and patients dealing…

ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
| | |

ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Acyanotic heart defects are congenital cardiac malformations that affect the atrial or ventricular walls, heart valves, or large blood vessels. Common causes include genetic defects (e.g., trisomies), maternal infections (e.g., rubella), or maternal consumption of drugs or alcohol during pregnancy. Acyanotic heart defects are characterized pathophysiologically by a left-to-right shunt, which causes pulmonary hypertension and…

|

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a condition present at birth. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE causes low levels of oxygen in the blood. A common symptom is a bluish tint to the skin, called cyanosis. Several birth defects can cause this type of heart disease, including: issues with the heart valves,…

Congenital heart disease
| |

Congenital Heart Disease

DEFINATION Congenital heart disease, or a congenital heart defect, is a heart abnormality present at birth. The problem can affect: The heart walls The heart valves The blood vessels There are numerous types of congenital heart defects. They can range from simple conditions that don’t cause symptoms to complex problems that cause severe, life-threatening symptoms….

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE(CHF)
| |

CONGESTIVE HEART DISEASE

DEFINATION CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE(CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped…

blood pressure
|

Blood Pressure (BP)

What is Blood pressure (BP)? Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Used without further specification, “blood pressure” usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heart beat) over…

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURY
| | | |

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury

What is Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury? Your medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the knee ligament on the medial (inner) side of your knee connecting the medial femoral condyle and the medial tibial condyle. It is one of four major knee ligaments that help to stabilize the knee joint. It is a flat band of…