Introduction Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a member of the vitamin family that comes in three forms, or vitamers: nicotinamide (also known as niacinamide), nicotinamide riboside, and niacin (also known as nicotinic acid). The body transforms all three forms of vitamin B3 into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Humans cannot produce NAD in their bodies without…
Introduction One of the B vitamins and a necessary nutrient is pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Pantothenic acid is required by all animals for the synthesis of coenzyme. A (CoA), is necessary for the metabolism of fatty acids, as well as for the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The combination of pantoic acid…
Introduction One of the B vitamins is biotin, sometimes referred to as vitamin H or B7. It is engaged in many different metabolic processes, mostly connected to the use of lipids, carbs, and amino acids, in both humans and other species. The term biotin originates from the Ancient Greek word βίoτος (bÃotos; ‘life’) and the…
What is Mineral? A solid material having a distinct crystal structure and a reasonably well-defined chemical composition that exists naturally in pure form is referred to as a mineral or mineral species in geology and mineralogy. Compounds that are exclusively found in living things are typically not included in the geological definition of a mineral….
What is a Dietary Water? It is often believed that drinking water while eating may be good for one’s health, particularly in terms of dermatology (which prevents aging). The goal of the current investigation was to measure the effect of dietary water on key skin physiology parameters. A total of 49 healthy ladies (mean age…
What is Fat? Within the fields of nutrition, biology, and chemistry, “fat” refers to any ester of fatty acids or a combination of these substances, with the most prominent examples being those found in food or living things. Triglycerides, or triple esters of glycerol, are the primary constituents of vegetable oils and animal fatty tissue….
What is a Dietary Fiber? Roughage, or dietary fiber is the part of food originating from plants that human digestive enzymes are unable to fully break down. The chemical makeup of dietary fibers varies, but they can be broadly categorized based on factors like solubility, viscosity, and fermentability that influence the body’s processing of the…
Introduction Along with many other biological effects, vitamin D is a class of fat-soluble secosteroids that increases intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. The two most significant substances in this category for humans are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The primary natural source of vitamin D is the production of cholecalciferol in…
What is Vitamin K? A family of fat-soluble, structurally identical vitamins, known as vitamin K, is sold as dietary supplements and can be found in food. The human body needs vitamin K to manage the binding of calcium in bones and other tissues, as well as to modify some proteins post-synthesis that are necessary for…
What is Carbohydrate? The term “carbohydrate” refers to a biomolecule that is made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. It is typically associated with a ratio of H to O, as found in water, and thus has the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n, where m may or may not differ from n. This…
