Special test for to patellofemoral dysfunction

Special test for to patellofemoral dysfunction :

Patellofemoral dysfunction or PFPS is implies to some pathological affecting to patellofemoral joint. This pathology is result of bio-mechanical factors or pathophysiological processes or loss of tissue homeostatic resulting in synovitis & inflamed fat pad . In this situation patient feel to pain during of climbing or descending stairs, stepping up or down with to…

Bulge test

Bulge test

Purpose of this test? How do you perform of this test? What is interpretation of this test? Grading of this test : Grade Test Result zero No wave produced on down stroke. Trace Small wave on medial side with down stroke. 1+ Large bulge on medial side with down stroke. 2 + Effusion spontaneously returns…