Special test for to swelling of knee :

• This special test is used by doctor or therapist for check to swelling & effusion.
• It is apply when to swelling is observe around to knee.
• Examiner is used for this test in examine part of to assessment.
• When to swelling is present knee is assumed to resting position of 15 ‘ to 30 ‘ of flexion.

Name of the special test :

• There are three tests for swelling of the knee.
• Fluctuation test
• Patellar tap test
• Indentation test

Purpose of to three tests:

• This three test are assesses to minimal effusion of test.
• It is also check to presence of swelling.

Fluctuation test :

How to perform this swelling test?

• The starting position of the patient is supine.
• The examiner is places to palm of one hand over to suprapatellar pouch & the palm of other hand is put to anterior to joint with the thumb & index finger just beyond to margins of to patella .
• After that press down with one hand and then with to other hands.

Result of this swelling test :

• during to pressing down examiner is feel to synovial fluid fluctuate under to hand & move from one hand to other.
• this sign indicates to effusion.
• in this situation test is positive &swelling is present around to knee.

Patellar tap test :

• This test is sometimes also known as to dancing patella sign.
• It is also known as to ballotable patella.

How to perform this swelling test?

• Starting position is supine.
• Into supine patient’s knee extended or flexed to discomfort.
• Then the therapist applies a slight tap or pressure over to the patella.

Result of this swelling test :

• When pressure is applied examiner is felt to float off to the patella like the dancing patella.

Modification of this swelling test :

• Into modification examiner is put to thumb & forefinger of one hand around to patella then apply slight pressure on to both side of the patella.
• After that examiner is stroked down on to suprapatellar pouch with to help of other hands.

Result of modification test :

• A positive test is indicated by the separation of to thumb & forefinger.

• It is detected to a large amount of swelling means 40 to 50 ml around to knee.
• It is noted by observation.

Indentation test:

How to perform this swelling test :

• The starting position for to test is supine.
• Examiner passively flexes to a good leg, noting the indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon.
• After that good knee is fully flexed & noting to remain of indentation.
• Then the injured knee is slowly flexed while to the examiner watches for the disappearance of to indentation sign.
• When to sign is disappearance at that point stopped to knee flexion.

• This disappearance of the indentation is caused by swelling & indicates to a positive test.
• Angle at which the indentation disappears depends on the amount of swellings.
• The grater of swellings; the sooner it disappears.

• If the examiner is placed on the thumb & finger on each side of the patellar tendon, the examiner is feeling to fluid fluctuate back &forth.
• It is detected to minimal levels of swellings.