Cauda Equina Syndrome
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Cauda Equina Syndrome

What is Cauda Equina Syndrome? Cauda equina syndrome (CES) occurs when the nerve roots of the cauda equina are compressed and disrupt motor and sensory function in the lower extremities and bladder. Patients with this syndrome are often admitted to the hospital in a medical emergency. CES can lead to Bladder-Bowl incontinence and weakness or…

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
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Lumbar Spondylolisthesis & Physiotherapy Treatment

What is a Lumbar Spondylolisthesis? Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition characterized by the forward displacement of one vertebra over the vertebra below it in the lumbar (lower back) region of the spine. This displacement can cause compression of the spinal nerves and lead to symptoms such as lower back pain, leg pain, and weakness. DEFINITION…

How Many Disc In Your Back
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PROLAPSED INTER VERTEBRAL DISC (PIVD) PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT

Slipped Disc:  PROLAPSED INTERVERTEBRAL DISC (PIVD) Definition of Slipped Disc: Stages of PIVD: Lower Back Anatomy: Anatomy of Intervertebral Discs Types of Disc Herniation Causes of PIVD: Symptoms of PIVD: Cauda equina syndrome: Bulging Discs vs. Herniated Discs: Diagnosis SPECIAL TESTS FOR PIVD: IMAGINARY DIAGNOSIS: Gait Pattern in PIVD: Treatment of PIVD: 1. Conservative Management:…

Lumbar Spondylosis
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Lumbar Spondylosis: Physiotherapy Treatment

DEFINITION AND INTRODUCTION: Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative condition that affects the lower back, specifically the lumbar spine. It is characterized by the deterioration of the spinal discs, the development of bone spurs, and the narrowing of the spinal canal. This can lead to various symptoms such as back pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and radiating…

Paraplegia
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Paraplegia: Rehabilitation & Physiotherapy Management

What is a Paraplegia? Definition of Paraplegia: Spinal paraplegia may be: Causes of Spinal Paraplegia: I- Focal causes: II. Systemic causes: III. Disseminated cause: Disseminated Sclerosis (D.S.) Signs & Symptoms of Paraplegia: Emergency signs and symptoms: Clinical Picture of Focal Paraplegia: A. At the level of the lesion: B. Below the level of the lesion:…

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) & Physiotherapy Exercises

What is Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, which are the joints connecting the lower spine to the pelvis. AS is a form of spondyloarthritis, a group of conditions that cause inflammation in the joints and ligaments. Definition: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:…