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Introduction: Hamstring Muscle Injury Hamstring muscle injury — such as a “pulled hamstring” — occur frequently in athletes. They are especially common in athletes who...

INTRODUCTION : The trochlear nerve, also called the fourth cranial nerve or CN IV, is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only...

What is a Claw Hand? Pathoanatomy Common causes of claw hand include: Congenital birth defect A claw hand sometimes occurs as a defect at birth....

INTRODUCTION : The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure and innervates extrinsic eye...

Individuals with pernicious anemia Pernicious anemia, a condition that affects 1%–2% of older adults, is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factors. Individuals with pernicious...

Introduction of Olfactory Nerve : The olfactory nerve (CN I) is the first and shortest cranial nerve. It is a special visceral afferent nerve, which...

Introduction: The wrist extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in...

Introduction The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such...

What is a Coma? Some patients following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury will present with profound and prolonged consciousness impairment. A coma is a...

Introduction Neck muscles are bodies of tissue that produce motion in the neck when stimulated. The muscles of the neck run from the base of...