Introduction The human tongue is an organ that helps the process of digestion by facilitating the manipulation and movement of food particles during mastication and swallowing. The tongue is also essential in the exhibition of speech and essential for employing the sense of taste. The styloglossus muscles are paired with the extrinsic muscle of the…
Introduction Longus capitis muscle is a deep anterior neck muscle that drives in front of the cervical spine. Together with rectus capitis anterior muscle, rectus capitis lateralis muscle, longus cervicis muscle, and anterior scalene muscle, it produces the prevertebral layer of neck muscles. These muscles are also wrapped up in the prevertebral layer of the…
Introduction Longus colli is a paired muscle found on the anterior aspect of the vertebral column. As such, it is usually referred to as an anterior prevertebral muscle concurrently with longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and also scalenus anterior muscles. The longus colli muscle (the ‘long muscle of the neck) is also known as longus…
Introduction The platysma is a thin sheet-like muscle that fibs superficially within the anterior aspect of the neck. It arises in the upper thoracic and shoulder areas from a fascia that covers the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles. Its fibers ascend superomedially over the anterolateral element of the neck, to attach to the mandible and…
The optic nerve is highly important for your vision. It’s the 2nd cranial nerve out of 12 cranial nerves and part of your central nervous system, which includes your brain and spine. The optic nerve travels electrical impulses from your eyes toward your brain. Your brain processes according to sensory information so that you can…
The mesencephalon or midbrain is the greatest rostral (front) segment of the brainstem that joins the cerebellum and pons with the forebrain. For most of its portion, the midbrain sits in the posterior cranial fossa, crossing the hiatus of the tentorium cerebelli. The mesencephalon or midbrain is the smallest segment of the brainstem. However, it…
Introduction of the forebrain The forebrain (prosencephalon) is the substantial part of the brain, most of which is the cerebrum. other cardinal structures present in the forebrain comprise the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the limbic system. The cerebrum is bisected into two cerebral hemispheres connected by a mass of white matter called the corpus callosum….
What is a Hindbrain? The hindbrain (developmentally obtain from the rhombencephalon) is one of the three major areas of the brain, situated at the lower back part of the brain. It comprises most of the brainstem and a dense coral-shaped composition called the cerebellum. The brainstem is one of the very important parts of the…
Introduction The lumbar plexus is a compound neural network formed by the lower thoracic and lumbar ventral nerve roots. They are formed where T12 to L5 leave the spinal cord through intervertebral foramina. The supply motor and sensory supply to the lower limb and pelvic girdle The nerves get arising from the lumbar plexus are…
What is Rhombencephalosynapsis? Rhombencephalosynapsis is a midline brain malformation represented by an absent cerebellar vermis with an obvious fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. Rhombencephalosynapsis can be seen in isolation or together with the different central nervous system and extra-central nervous system malformations. Gmez-Lpez-Hernndez syndrome combines rhombencephalon synapsis with parietal/temporal alopecia and occasionally trigeminal anesthesia, high…
