What is an Upper Motor Neurone Lesion? An upper motor neuron lesion is an injury or disease that occurs in the Brain to the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, sign is an increase in muscle tone (spasticity), hyperreflexia, and the persistence or…
What is a Paraplegia? Definition of Paraplegia: Spinal paraplegia may be: Causes of Spinal Paraplegia: I- Focal causes: II. Systemic causes: III. Disseminated cause: Disseminated Sclerosis (D.S.) Signs & Symptoms of Paraplegia: Emergency signs and symptoms: Clinical Picture of Focal Paraplegia: A. At the level of the lesion: B. Below the level of the lesion:…
What is a Cerebral Palsy? Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and motor skills. It is caused by damage or abnormalities in the developing brain, usually before or during birth, but sometimes it can occur in early childhood. The specific cause of CP is often unknown, but it can…
What is an Osteoarthritis (OA)? Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. Pain, swelling, and stiffness are the primary symptoms of arthritis. Any joint in the body may be affected by the disease, but it is particularly common in the knee. Knee arthritis can make it hard to do many everyday activities,…
SPASTICITY OF Muscles : DEFINITION: Spasticity of Muscles is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual “tightness”, stiffness, or “pull” of muscles. Functional definition: The abnormal motor control caused by an UMN lesion (as in…
What is a Hemiplegia? Hemiplegia is a neurological condition in which paralysis or weakness on one side of the body. The term “hemiplegia” is derived from the Greek words “hemi” (meaning half) and “plegia” (meaning paralysis). It can affect either the right or left side of the body, and the paralysis or weakness typically extends…
What is Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, which are the joints connecting the lower spine to the pelvis. AS is a form of spondyloarthritis, a group of conditions that cause inflammation in the joints and ligaments. Definition: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:…
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)? Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where your immune system damages your healthy cells, causing joint pain, and inflammation with swelling in the affected parts of the body mainly the small joint of the hands on both sides of your body. RA mainly affects the joints, mostly many joints at…
What is a Bell’s Palsy? Bell’s palsy is a medical condition characterized by an inflammation of the facial nerve, causing paralysis on one side of the face. The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, controls the muscles of facial expression and helps with taste and tear production. Bell’s Palsy is a relatively common…
The term Iliopsoas means the combination of the psoas major muscle & the iliacus muscle Joining at their inferior ends. These muscles are distinct in the abdomen, but usually indistinguishable in the thigh. As such, they are usually given the common name “iliopsoas” and are referred to as the “dorsal hip muscles”.The psoas minor Also…
