Deep Cervical Flexors Muscle
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Deep Cervical Flexors Muscle

Deep Cervical Flexors Muscle Anatomy The deep cervical flexor muscles are a group of deep muscles under the scalp along the sides of the neck. Your deep cervical flexors are attached to the occipital bone on the back of your skull, and to the upper cervical spine. The deep cervical flexor muscles are responsible for…

suboccipitals muscles
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Suboccipitals Muscle

Suboccipitals Muscle Anatomy The suboccipital muscles are a group of four muscles situated at the base of the skull. The suboccipital muscles are important because they have a key role in providing motor control of the head and neck. The four muscles are the rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and…

Below Knee Amputation
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Below Knee Amputation

Introduction A below-knee amputation (“BKA”) is a transtibial amputation that involves removing the foot, ankle joint, distal tibia, and fibula with related soft tissue structures.  In general, a BKA is preferred over an above-knee amputation (AKA), as the former has better rehabilitation and functional outcomes.  The rates of lower extremity amputation have declined in recent…

Hallux Rigidus
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Hallux Rigidus

What is a Hallux Rigidus? Hallux rigidus is a disorder of the joint located at the base of the big toe. It causes pain and stiffness in the joint, and with time, it gets increasingly harder to bend the toe. Hallux is a Latin word that means the big toe, while rigidus indicates that the…

Levator Scapulae Muscle
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Levator Scapulae Muscle

Anatomy of Levator Scapulae Muscle The levator scapulae muscle are superficial extrinsic muscles of the back that primarily function to elevate the scapulae. Levator comes from the Latin levare, meaning “to raise.” Scapulae refer to the scapulas, or shoulder blades, possibly originating from the Greek “skaptein,” meaning “to dig.” In conjunction with other posterior axial-appendicular…

The above knee amputations
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ABOVE KNEE AMPUTATION : Physiotherapy Management

INTRODUCTION of The above knee amputations : The above knee amputations (AKA) involve removing the leg from the body by cutting through both the thigh tissue and femoral bone. “This procedure may be necessary for a wide variety of reasons, such as trauma, infection, tumor, and vascular compromise” There are several known physiologic and psychologic…

Knee Stiffness Exercise
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Knee Joint stiffness : Physiotherapy Treatment

Introduction of Knee Joint Stiffness : Knee joint stiffness is the sensation of difficulty moving a joint or the apparent loss of range of motion of a joint. Joint stiffness often accompanies joint pain and/or swelling. Joint stiffness can be caused by injury or disease of the joint and is a common finding in the…

Costotransverse syndrome
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Costotransverse syndrome and Physiotherapy management :

Definition of Costotransverse syndrome : Costotransverse disorders are disorders affecting or involving the costotransverse and costovertebral joints and ligaments which are often overlooked during examination for pain source localization in this area due to possible visceral pain referral and the complexities of the thoracic neural network. The joints between the vertebrae in the upper back…

Thoracic outlet syndrome
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a disorder in which neurovascular structures (blood vessels or nerves ) are compressed at the exit of the thoracic outlet (cervicothoracobrachial region). Relevant Anatomy: Cause: Congenital Factors: Acquired Factors: Types of TOS: There are 3 Main types of thoracic outlet syndrome, as follows: Signs and Symptoms of TOS: Common Symptoms in…