Introduction The nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus is formed by the anterior (ventral) divisions of the L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots of the sacral plexus. The nerve innervates the obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles as well as the fascia of the lateral aspect wall of the ischioanal fossa. Gross anatomy…
Introduction The zygomaticus minor muscles are muscles of facial expression. It arises from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the remains of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. It marks the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is also used in smiling. It is also innervated…
Introduction The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, this nerve is also called the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, is a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus and it supplies the anterior and medial region of the forearm as far distal as the wrist. Gross anatomy Origin The medial cutaneous nerve of the…
Introduction The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, also known as the lesser internal cutaneous nerve of the arm, is a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus and it supplies the skin of the medial side of the arm as far distal as the medial epicondyle. Gross anatomy Origin The medial cutaneous…
Introduction The medial rectus muscle is a muscle that is in the orbit near the eye. It is an extraocular muscle of the eye. It arises from the ordinary tendinous ring and inserts into the anteromedial surface of the eye. It is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (III). It rotates the eye medially (adduction). Origin and Insertion of Medial Rectus…
Introduction The posterior auricular nerveThe posterior auricular nerve is the first extracranial branch of the facial nerve trunk. It supplies the posterior belly of the occipitofrontalis and the auricular muscles and provides cutaneous sensation from the skin envelope of the mastoid process and parts of the auricle. Extracranial branches The facial nerve leaves the skull…
The cardiac plexus is a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia located at the base of the heart. It is formed by cardiac branches originating from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Gross anatomy of the cardiac plexus The superficial part of the cardiac plexus The superficial part of the cardiac plexus is placed…
Introduction The great auricular nerve is a superficial nerve of the neck that get arises from the cervical plexus. It gets arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C2 and C3 and is the longest ascending branch of the cervical plexus. Along its course, the great auricular nerve pierces on the posterior border of…
The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the supply of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers). All splanchnic nerves carry sympathetic nerve fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers….
What is Lateral rectus palsy? Sixth cranial nerve palsy involves the lateral rectus muscle, damaging eye abduction. This is also called lateral rectus palsy and abducens nerve palsy. Abducens (sixth cranial) nerve palsy is the most familiar ocular motor paralysis in grown-ups and the second-most familiar in kids. The abducens nerve regulates the lateral rectus…
