What is a Rigidity? It can be present in Definition of Rigidity Types of Rigidity It may be characterized as either “lead pipe” or “cogwheel.” Related Anatomy The term “basal ganglia” describes a collection of subcortical nuclei that play a variety of tasks in the brain, including motor learning, emotions, executive processes and behaviors, and…
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF SPASTICITY Which are the Causes of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy? Which are the Signs and Symptoms of Spastic Cerebral Palsy? The signs and symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy are different for every child. Differences in symptoms depend on the severity of the child’s brain injury and any co-occurring disorders that may be…
OVERVIEW : Ulnar tunnel syndrome is a condition that affects the wrist. It happens when the ulnar nerve is compressed going from the wrist into the hand through a space referred to as Guyon’s canal. You may have weakness, tingling, numbness, or pain because of the nerve compression. The ulnar nerve is a large nerve…
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a disorder in which neurovascular structures (blood vessels or nerves ) are compressed at the exit of the thoracic outlet (cervicothoracobrachial region). Relevant Anatomy: Cause: Congenital Factors: Acquired Factors: Types of TOS: There are 3 Main types of thoracic outlet syndrome, as follows: Signs and Symptoms of TOS: Common Symptoms in…
Definition/Description Cubital tunnel syndrome (CBTS) is a peripheral nerve compression syndrome. It is an irritation or injury of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel at the elbow. This is also termed ulnar nerve entrapment and is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity after carpal tunnel syndrome. It represents a source…
INTRODUCTION: A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and…
Definition: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. It is the result of an injury caused by a biomechanical force i.e., a direct blow to the head, neck, or face or from a blow to another part of the body with a mechanical force transmitted to the head. The individual may not experience…
Individuals with pernicious anemia Pernicious anemia, a condition that affects 1%–2% of older adults, is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factors. Individuals with pernicious anemia cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 in the gastrointestinal tract. Pernicious anemia is usually treated with intramuscular vitamin B12. However, approximately 1% of oral vitamin B12 can be absorbed passively…
What is a Coma? Some patients following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury will present with profound and prolonged consciousness impairment. A coma is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness. The affected individual is alive but is not able to react or respond to life around him/her. Coma may occur as an expected progression…
What is a Vitamin B 12? Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement and a prescription medication. Vitamin B12 exists in several forms and contains the mineral cobalt, so compounds with vitamin B12 activity are collectively called “cobalamins”. Methylcobalamin and…
