DEFINATION- Bronchiectasis is an obstructive lung disease that results from the presence of chronic inflammatory secretions and microbes leading to the permanent dilation and distortion of airway walls, as well as recurrent infection . MECHANISM OF INJURY/ PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS- Bronchiectasis is chronic irreversible dilation of the bronchi on the lungs. It follows a severe lung…
What is a Cystic Fibrosis? DEFINATION – CYSTIC FIBROSIS(CF) is a hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands, with a high sodium chloride content in sweat and pancreatic insufficiency, resulting in malabsorption. There is hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands, resulting in the excessive mucus production in the lining of the bronchi, which predispose the patient…
What is an Emphysema? Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the gradual damage and deterioration of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This condition primarily affects the elasticity of the lung tissue, making it difficult for individuals with emphysema to exhale air efficiently. The main cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to…
Definition of Bronchitis Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs. Symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Bronchitis is divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis is also known as a chest cold. Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around…
What is an Asthma? ”Bronchial asthma is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, which is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and respiratory obstruction which is reversible (spontaneously or under the influence of bronchodilater) marked by wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing”. symptoms may be episodic or chronic but the pattern may vary…
DEFINITION Motor neuron diseases (MND) include a heterogeneous spectrum of inherited and sporadic (no family history) clinical disorders of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), lower motor neurons (LMNs), or a combination of both. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as” Lou Gehrig’disease”, is the most common and devastatingly fatal MND among adults. ”ALS is characterized…
Multiple sclerosis Definition: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, selective demyelination, and gliosis. It can cause both acute and chronic symptoms and can result in a significant disability and impaired quality of life.MS affects approximately 400,000 persons in the united states; worldwide MS affects approximately 2.1 million people. It was first…
DEFINITION OF LEPROSY : 1: A chronic infectious disease caused by a mycobacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) affecting especially the skin and peripheral nerves and characterized by the formation of nodules or macules that enlarge and spread accompanied by loss of sensation with eventual paralysis, wasting of muscle, and production of deformities — called also Hansen’s disease2:…
What is a Dupuytren’s Contracture? Dupuytren’s contracture is a condition in which one or more fingers become permanently bent in a flexed position. It usually begins as small hard nodules just under the skin of the palm. It then worsens over time until the fingers can no longer be straightened. While typically not painful some…
What is a Frenkel’s Exercise? The Frenkel’s exercise was created by Heinrich Frenkel to help individuals with ataxia, to improve coordination and proprioception. With these exercises, the central nervous system is trained by carefully repeating activities, especially in the lower limbs, while maintaining a high level of focus. There are three ways to perform the…
