Introduction The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is considered the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. The accessory nerve divides it into a spinal part and a cranial…
INTRODUCTION : The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Sensory: Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus,…
INTRODUCTION : The abducens nerve (or abducent nerve) is the sixth cranial nerve (CNVI), in humans body that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward gaze. It is a somatic efferent nerve. ANATOMY OF ABDUCENS NERVE : The abducens nerve arises from the abducens nucleus in the pons of the brainstem….
What is a Claw Hand? Pathoanatomy Common causes of claw hand include: Congenital birth defect Claw hand sometimes occurs as a defect at birth. Nerve damage Damage to the nerves can occur in the arm or hand from injuries or diseases. Cervical spondylosis, ulnar nerve palsy, and ulnar nerve entrapment are all conditions that can…
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply CN VII. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The nerves typically travel from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal…
Root value: Spinal roots: C5 and C6. Sensory functions: Gives rise to upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, which innervates the skin over the lower deltoid (‘regimental badge area’). Motor functions: Innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles. Description: Signs and symptoms may include: Anatomical Course: The Quadrangular Space: Motor Functions: Sensory Functions: Clinical Conditions:…
Description: Injury to the radial nerve may result in radial neuropathy, also called radial nerve palsy. Radial nerve injury may be due to physical trauma, infection, or even exposure to toxins. It often causes numbness and tingling or burning pain. It can also be painless. The condition may cause weakness or difficulty moving your wrist,…
What is a Facial Palsy? Facial nerve palsy is a condition that causes weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. The facial nerve is responsible for controlling muscle movement in the face, and its function is vital to everyday life. Facial nerve palsy can be caused by a number of factors, including viral infections, trauma…
DEFINITION OF LEPROSY : 1: A chronic infectious disease caused by a mycobacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) affecting especially the skin and peripheral nerves and characterized by the formation of nodules or macules that enlarge and spread accompanied by loss of sensation with eventual paralysis, wasting of muscle, and production of deformities — called also Hansen’s disease2:…
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain. If you have trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of your face — such as from brushing your teeth or putting on makeup — may trigger a jolt of excruciating pain. You may initially experience…
