What is an Immunotherapy? Biological therapy, often known as immunotherapy, involves either stimulating or inhibiting the immune system to cure an illness. Immunotherapies that diminish or suppress the immune system are categorized as suppression immunotherapies, whereas those that aim to stimulate or arouse the immune system are called activation immunotherapies. The initial study is being…
Introduction Chemotherapy, commonly known as CTX or CTx, is a type of cancer treatment that involves the administration of one or more anti-cancer medications, also known as chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents, as part of a regular chemotherapy program. Chemotherapy can be administered with the goal of curing a disease (which nearly invariably entails medication…
Introduction Ionizing radiation therapy, often known as radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT), is a medical procedure used to treat cancer. Its goal is to either destroy or stop the proliferation of cancerous cells. Usually, a linear particle accelerator delivers it. Many cancers can be cured with radiation therapy if they only affect one portion of…
Introduction The surgical specialty of plastic surgery deals with the restoration, reconstruction, or modification of the human body. Reconstructive and cosmetic surgery make up the two primary areas. Microsurgery, hand surgery, craniofacial surgery, and burn therapy are all included in reconstructive surgery. Cosmetic, or aesthetic, surgery seeks to enhance the appearance of the body, whereas…
Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the elimination of waste from the body. However, various factors such as infections, dietary habits, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle choices can lead to gastrointestinal disorders, ranging from mild discomfort to severe conditions requiring medical intervention….
Introduction Orthopedic surgery, often known as orthopedics (also written orthopedics), is the area of surgery dedicated to treating disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons treat congenital issues, degenerative diseases, infections, cancer, musculoskeletal trauma, and spine ailments utilizing both surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Originating from the Ancient Greek terms orthos (“correct”, “straight”) and paidion (“child”),…
Introduction There is a vast array of cancer therapies available for the many forms of cancer, with a unique therapy needed for each type of cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy (using monoclonal antibodies or small-molecule pharmaceuticals), and PARP inhibitors (like olaparib) are some of the available treatment options. Stem-cell therapy, photodynamic…
Knee injuries are a prevalent and often debilitating health concern that can affect individuals of all ages and activity levels. The knee joint is a complex structure, comprising bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all working together to provide stability and facilitate various movements. Unfortunately, the knee is susceptible to a wide range of injuries, stemming…
Introduction Bone cancer is a rare and serious disease that forms in bones. It occurs when normal cells in the bone transform into abnormal cancer cells that multiply uncontrollably. Primary bone cancer means the cancer starts in the bones, while secondary bone cancer means the cancer spreads to the bones from elsewhere in the body….
Kt tape is also known as Kinesio taping, This can be used to tape an ankle to reduce swelling and give stability. Ankle injuries are a common illness that occurs during exercise. To protect the ankle joint in the future, orthoses and tape are used. 85% of ankle injuries are sprains, and one-third of those who…
