INTRODUCTION : The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Sensory: Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus,…
Definition: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. It is the result of an injury caused by a biomechanical force i.e., a direct blow to the head, neck, or face or from a blow to another part of the body with a mechanical force transmitted to the head. The individual may not experience…
The basic principle of Interferential Therapy (IFT) is to utilise the significant physiological effects of low frequency (<250pps) electrical stimulation of nerves without the associated painful and somewhat unpleasant side effects sometimes associated with low-frequency stimulation. To produce low-frequency effects at sufficient intensity and at sufficient depth, patients can experience considerable discomfort in the superficial…
Introduction The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth paired cranial nerve. It is comprised of two parts – vestibular fibres and cochlear fibres. Both have a purely sensory function. Anatomy The…
Anatomy related to Perthes disease Causes of Perthes disease Clinical Features of Perthes Disease Stages of Perthes disease IA: Early IB: Late IIA: Early IIB: Late IIIA: Early Stage IV: Healed Diagnosis of Perthes disease Medical Treatment of Perthes Disease Physiotherapy management of Perthes disease Conservative management of Perthes diseases Improve ROM in Perthes disease…
INTRODUCTION : The abducens nerve (or abducent nerve) is the sixth cranial nerve (CNVI), in humans body that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward gaze. It is a somatic efferent nerve. ANATOMY OF ABDUCENS NERVE : The abducens nerve arises from the abducens nucleus in the pons of the brainstem….
Voluntary control grading typically involves evaluating the individual’s ability to voluntarily initiate, sustain, and coordinate movements in specific body parts affected by spasticity or motor impairments. It helps to determine the extent of functional limitations and provides a baseline for tracking progress or evaluating treatment interventions. VOLUNTARY MOTOR CONTROL GRADING SYNERGY ABNORMAL SYNERGY IN UPPER…
What is a Pes Anserine Bursitis? Anatomy Causes of Pes Anserine Bursitis Symptoms of Pes Anserine Bursitis Epidemiology There is significant overlap with other knee disorders, making the precise prevalence of this condition in the general population uncertain. However, pes anserine pain was common in around one-third of 1% of participants in a big research…
Semimembranosus tendinopathy (SMT) is an uncommon cause of chronic knee pain. Owing to a lack of understanding of the condition, it may be under-diagnosed or inadequately treated. The incidence of semimembranosus tendinopathy is unknown in the athletic population and is probably more common in older patients. The usual presentation for SMT is pain on the…
Osgood Schlatter’s Disease is a tibial tuberosity apophysitis, which is the medical name for inflamed bone at the site of the tibial tuberosity growth plate, in children. Osgood Schlatter’s disease is an inflammation of the bone at the top of the tibia (shin bone), where the tendon from the patella (kneecap) attaches. It is an…
