Introduction The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus that carries fibers of cervical spinal nerves five along seven (i.e., C5, C6, & C7). The musculocutaneous nerve leaves the axilla & rapidly descends into the coracobrachialis muscle fibers. The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the biceps brachii & brachialis muscles…
The sacral plexus is a network of nerve fibers that supply the skin & muscles of the pelvis & lower limb. the sacral plexus is present on the surface of the posterior pelvic wall, anterior to the piriformis muscle. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of the sacral spinal nerves S1, S2,…
What is the spinal cord? The spinal cord is a long, tube-like band of tissue. It connects the brain to the lower back. the spinal cord carries nerve signals from the brain to the body & vice versa. These nerve signals help you feel sensations & move the body. Any injury or disease to the…
What is the central nervous system simple definition? The central nervous system(CNS) is a combination of the brain & spinal cord. It is referred to as “central” because it combines information from the whole body & coordinates activity across the whole organism. Overview of the brain The nervous system is made up of huge neural…
INTRODUCTION: A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and…
Introduction The Hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve. It is a nerve with a sole motor function. Hypoglossal Nerve Anatomy The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a…
Introduction The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is considered the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. The accessory nerve divides it into a spinal part and a cranial…
INTRODUCTION The vagus nerve is the longest and most complex of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emanate from the brain. It transmits information to or from the surface of the brain to tissues and organs elsewhere in the body. The name “vagus” comes from the Latin term for “wandering.” This is because the…
Introduction The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth paired cranial nerve. It is comprised of two parts – vestibular fibres and cochlear fibres. Both have a purely sensory function. Anatomy The…
INTRODUCTION : The trochlear nerve, also called the fourth cranial nerve or CN IV, is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which operates through the pulley-like trochlea. The trochlear nerve is unique among the cranial nerves in several respects: The trochlear…
