INTRODUCTION : The trochlear nerve, also called the fourth cranial nerve or CN IV, is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which operates through the pulley-like trochlea. The trochlear nerve is unique among the cranial nerves in several respects: The trochlear…
INTRODUCTION : The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure and innervates extrinsic eye muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid. The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation…
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply CN VII. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The nerves typically travel from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal…
Gluteal nerve divides in superior & inferior gluteal nerve 1.Superior gluteal nerve 2.Inferior gluteal nerve 1.Superior gluteal nerve Anatomy of Superior Gluteal Nerve: The superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) passes through the sciatic notch above the piriformis muscle. It supplies the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles. The inferior gluteal nerve (L5,…
The sural nerve is a sensory nerve in the calf region (sura) of the leg. It is made up of branches of the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve, the medial cutaneous branch from the tibial nerve, and the lateral cutaneous branch from the common fibular nerve. Once formed, the nerves run down the mid-calf…
Obturator Nerve Anatomy The obturator nerve begins at the medial border of the psoas major muscle. It travels through the obturator foramen (an opening in the pelvic bone) before entering the thigh, where it branches into two parts, an anterior branch and a posterior branch. The nerve is part of a group of nerves called…
Common Peroneal Nerve Anatomy The common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve; external popliteal nerve; lateral popliteal nerve) is a nerve in the lower leg that provides sensation over the posterolateral part of the leg and the knee joint. It divides at the knee into two terminal branches: The superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve,…
The tibial nerve is a major peripheral nerve of the lower limb. It has several cutaneous and motor functions in the leg and foot.The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of the soleus. Description of Tibial Nerve: The Tibial…
Axillary Nerve Anatomy The axillary nerve originates from the ventral rami of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves and extends as the smaller branch of the brachial plexus’s posterior cord. Its anterior supply the teres minor while its posterior branches supply the deltoid muscle. After action from the supraspinatus has already reached 15 degrees, the…
The femoral nerve is one of the major peripheral nerves of the lower limb. Descriptions: Nerve roots: L2-L4 Motor functions: Innervates the anterior thigh muscles that flex the hip joint (pectineus, iliacus, sartorius) and extend the knee (quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius). Sensory functions: Supplies cutaneous branches to the…
