WHAT IS HEMIPLEGIA ? Right Hemiplegia vs Left Hemiplegia WHAT ARE THE CAUSE OF HEMIPLEGIA? Stroke Brain and Nervous System Infections Brain Trauma Genetic Disorders/Congenital Diseases Brain Tumors Brain Lesions Brain Diseases Psychological Conditions Cardiovascular Problems Loss of Oxygen to the Brain Causes of Right-Sided Hemiplegia? The causes of hemiplegia include neurological conditions such as:…
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF SPASTICITY Which are the Causes of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy? Which are the Signs and Symptoms of Spastic Cerebral Palsy? The signs and symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy are different for every child. Differences in symptoms depend on the severity of the child’s brain injury and any co-occurring disorders that may be…
Introduction A reflex is an involuntary and relatively stereotyped response to a specific sensory stimulus. There are many types of reflexes and every healthy person has them. In fact, we’re born with most of them. eg. When a person accidentally touches a hot object, they automatically jerk their hand away without thinking. Reflex arcs act…
Facial Muscle Anatomy The facial muscles, also called craniofacial muscles, are a group of about 20 flat skeletal muscles, lying underneath the skin of the face and scalp. The muscles of facial expression (also known as the mimetic muscles) can generally be divided into three main functional categories: orbital, nasal, and oral. Contrary to the…
INTRODUCTION: A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and…
Introduction The Hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve. It is a nerve with a sole motor function. Hypoglossal Nerve Anatomy The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a…
INTRODUCTION The vagus nerve is the longest and most complex of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emanate from the brain. It transmits information to or from the surface of the brain to tissues and organs elsewhere in the body. The name “vagus” comes from the Latin term for “wandering.” This is because the…
Definition: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. It is the result of an injury caused by a biomechanical force i.e., a direct blow to the head, neck, or face or from a blow to another part of the body with a mechanical force transmitted to the head. The individual may not experience…
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply CN VII. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The nerves typically travel from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal…
Gluteal nerve divides in superior & inferior gluteal nerve 1.Superior gluteal nerve 2.Inferior gluteal nerve 1.Superior gluteal nerve Anatomy of Superior Gluteal Nerve: The superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) passes through the sciatic notch above the piriformis muscle. It supplies the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles. The inferior gluteal nerve (L5,…
