High cholesterol

Overview

Cholesterol is a waxy substance. it is found in the blood. the body requires cholesterol to build healthy cells, but high levels of cholesterol can raise the risk of heart disease or Brain Disease. With high cholesterol, individuals can develop fatty deposits in their blood vessels. Ultimately, these deposits grow, making it difficult for enough blood to flow through the arteries.

A few times, those deposits can break suddenly and form a clot that causes a heart attack or stroke. High cholesterol can be inherited, but it is frequently the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices, which make it preventable and treatable. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and sometimes medication can assist reduce high cholesterol.

What is cholesterol?

Blood cholesterol. it is a waxy, and fat-like substance made by a liver. Blood cholesterol is essential for good health. A body needs it to perform important (or vital) jobs, such as making hormones and digesting fatty foods. The body makes all the blood cholesterol it requires, which is why experts recommend that individuals eat as little dietary cholesterol as possible while on a healthy eating plan.

Dietary cholesterol. is found in animal foods, including meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Learn more about controlling high cholesterol by making healthy eating choices.

What is High cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a type of lipid. It is waxy. and it is a fat-like substance that the liver produces naturally. It is vital for the formation of cell membranes, specific hormones, and vitamin D. High cholesterol is when people have too much of a fatty substance called cholesterol in the blood. It is mainly caused by eating fatty food, not enough exercising, being overweight, smoking, and drinking alcohol. It can also run in families. people can lower their cholesterol by eating healthily and getting more exercise. a few people also require to take medicine. Cholesterol does not dissolve in water, so it can not travel through the blood on its own. To assist in the transport of cholesterol, the liver produces lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins are particles. it is made from fat and protein. They carry cholesterol and triglycerides, other types of lipids, through or via the bloodstream. The 2 major forms of lipoprotein are LDL(low-density lipoprotein ) and HDL(high-density lipoprotein ). low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol is any cholesterol carried by low-density lipoproteins. If the blood contains too much low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, people may be diagnosed with high cholesterol. Too much cholesterol can block or stop the blood vessels. That makes people more likely to have heart problems or a stroke. Without treatment, high cholesterol may lead to more health issues, including heart attack and stroke. High cholesterol rarely leads to symptoms in the beginning. High cholesterol does not cause symptoms. people can only find out if people have it from a blood test. That is why it is important to get cholesterol levels checked regularly.

Hypercholesterolemia, also known as or named high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. It is a form of hyperlipidemia (it means high levels of lipids in the blood), hyperlipoproteinemia (it means high levels of lipoproteins in the blood), and dyslipidemia (it means any abnormalities or not normal lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood).

Alternative Names

Cholesterol-high, Lipid disorders, Hyperlipoproteinemia, Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, and Hypercholesterolemia.

What are the signs and symptoms of High cholesterol levels?

High cholesterol has no symptoms. A blood test is the only way to detect if people have it. In more cases, high cholesterol is a “silent” condition. It generally does not cause any symptoms. Many individuals do not even realize they have high cholesterol until they develop serious complications, such as a heart attack or stroke. That’s why routine cholesterol screening is important. If people are 20 years or older, ask the doctor if people should have routine cholesterol screening.

Are people feeling a little under a weather recently? Perhaps it is just a bug or a virus. peoples all go through small periods where people feel like their health is failing them. If similar old symptoms keep popping up, though, it might be time to wonder if the body is failing you. At that stage, we recommend that people take a closer look at their general health. For eg, many of us could so easily miss the signs of a potentially fatal health problem building up – such as high cholesterol. A lifestyle many of us lead – sedentary physical activities and excessive eating of processed foods – leads to high cholesterol. Add in the stress-laden lifestyle that many of us live as well, and it is easy to see why our bodies are in flux. Although, blink and people would probably miss some of the more subtle signs that people have problems with cholesterol.

1. Heart attack

As people, no doubt know, a cholesterol problem is going to bring on heart problems. If people would like to get around that problem and avoid it from becoming the nightmare it could be, people should see a cardiologist. They can assist people to work out the issues that the heart faces so that people can then make the right choices. If peoples are serious about improving the way that people live, go and see the doctor. If people have any symptoms of a heart attack – pains in the arm, breathlessness, dizziness, etc. – then people should get checked out as soon as possible. Cholesterol levels will lead to a raised risk of a heart attack, so keep that in mind.

2. High Blood Pressure

This blood pressure is a sign to look out for, too. people should have their blood pressure taken by the doctor as soon as possible. This will assist people to cut down on issues that might be forcing a higher level of blood pressure. To know, though, people must go and see the doctor. If people are few who deal with a lot of blood pressure-related issues, then people should look to take part in a medical examination. It is the only way to gauge blood pressure – and work out what has to be done.

3. Diabetes

Diabetes is another common sign that people may have high cholesterol. Diabetes can have a major impact on cholesterol levels, as people tend to have cholesterol particles that hang around the arteries – meaning that the blood vessels can become needlessly damaged. people should, therefore, look to try and change their diet and lifestyle to fit in with the diabetic issues that people face. If people are worried about diabetes, then people should most certainly look to have themselves checked out. Fatigue and a constant sense of a lack of alertness are just two side effects to look out for.

4. Chest pain or angina

Do people suffer from a lot of chest pains? Do not just put it down to heartburn. Take some heartburn remedies, and if the pain persists, then people require to change their diet. Regular chest pain that is not heartburn, though, is a likely sign that people have high cholesterol. With that in mind, people should look to take part in more physical exercise – and also spend some time looking at their diet. If peoples are serious about beating this problem, then people require to consider why people are getting chest pains, and then do something about it.

5. Stroke

Strokes are a sign of high cholesterol, as is the general feeling that people might be about to have a stroke. peoples urge that people keep this in mind, as it is one of the most easily missed symptoms. If peoples are a few who are suffering from stroke-like symptoms, it frequently comes from an artery in the brain becoming blocked or narrowed. If it becomes fully blocked, then people are at risk of having a stroke. A stroke is not something that you can easily avoid, though: it will take a lot of work to improve the body to the point where a stroke is no longer a major issue. If people would like to break free of the risk of a stroke, then we recommend that people take this into account. Try and work on people’s cholesterol levels, as it can be a sign that a stroke is dreadfully near.

6. Pain while walking

Do people ever feel like their legs are permanently strained and unable to give out the performance that they require? Then people are not alone. Worryingly though, those tingly and painful legs are not just a sign that people sat down for too long or require to go for a run. They are frequent symptoms that point to high cholesterol, meaning that people should look to react to this issue as soon as possible. Consider the pain that people feel when people are walking. That frequently comes from the blocked arteries in the legs which are unable to get the blood sent down that they require. If this is a problem that people cannot escape, then people should probably look to do something about it – starting with lowering people’s cholesterol levels!

Cholesterol in foods

The eleven cholesterol-lowering foods that actively reduce cholesterol levels:

• oats
• barley and whole grains
• beans
• eggplant and okra
• nuts
• vegetable oil (canola, sunflower)
• fruits (mainly apples, grapes, strawberries, and citrus)
• soy and soy-based foods
• fatty fish (particularly salmon, tuna, and sardines)
• foods rich in fiber

Adding these to a balanced diet can assist keep cholesterol in check. A similar report also lists foods that are bad for cholesterol levels. These include:

• red meat
• full-fat dairy
• margarine
• hydrogenated oils
• baked goods

What are the causes of High cholesterol levels?

Eating too many foods that are high in cholesterol, saturated fats, and trans fats may raise the risk of developing high cholesterol. Living with obesity can also raise the risk. Other lifestyle factors that can contribute to high cholesterol include not activity and smoking. peoples genetics can also affect the chances of developing high cholesterol. the genes are passed down from parent to child or kid. specific genes instruct the body on how to process cholesterol and fats. If the parents have high cholesterol, people may be at a greater risk of having it too. In some cases, high cholesterol is caused by familial hypercholesterolemia. This genetic disorder prevents the body from removing low-density lipoprotein. Other health conditions, such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, may also raise the risk of developing high cholesterol and related complications. High cholesterol is when people have too much of a fatty substance named cholesterol in the blood. That is mainly caused by eating fatty food, not exercising enough, being overweight, smoking, and drinking alcohol. It can also run in families. Individuals can lower their cholesterol by eating healthily and getting more exercise.

Take a look at your lifestyle

people can make lifestyle changes to improve their cholesterol numbers. the body naturally produces all the low-density lipoprotein (bad) cholesterol it requires. An unhealthy lifestyle makes the body produce more low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than it requires. This is the reason for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in most people. Behaviors that can negatively affect people’s cholesterol levels include:

• Unhealthy diet. A few foods, such as liver and eggs, contain cholesterol (dietary cholesterol). But these foods have a small effect on blood cholesterol. It is the total amount of saturated fat in the diet that is more important to watch.
• Lack of physical activity. Lack of exercise or physical activity can raise the level of “bad cholesterol” (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL).
• Smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. Smoking stops “good cholesterol” (HDL or high-density lipoprotein) from transporting cholesterol from fatty deposits to the liver. This leads to the narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
• Being overweight or obese or obesity. If people are overweight or obese, people will have higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. the person will have a lower level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Heredity can play a role

A few people inherit genes from their mother, father, or even grandparents that lead to them having too much cholesterol. This is called familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The severity of FH is related to the duration and degree of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. FH is dangerous because it can lead to premature atherosclerotic heart disease. If people have a family history of FH or problems related to high cholesterol, get the levels checked. Having a family history of high cholesterol or heart disease also means people are more likely to have high cholesterol. Although it is relatively rare, a few people also carry a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia, which leads to extremely high low-density lipoprotein levels at a young age and, if left untreated, could lead to early-onset coronary artery disease and heart attacks.

Make the changes worth making

If people have high blood cholesterol, making lifestyle changes is a great first step to lowering the risk of heart disease. If those steps do not reduce the risk enough, the doctor may prescribe medications to assist. Remember: Making even modest changes now can assist to prevent significant medical issues later. Lifestyle factors and genetics both play a role in leading to high cholesterol. Lifestyle factors include:

• Smoking and tobacco use: Smoking lowers the “good cholesterol” (high-density lipoprotein) and raises the“bad cholesterol” (low-density lipoprotein).
• Being under a lot of stress: Stress triggers hormonal changes that cause the body to produce cholesterol.
• Drinking alcohol: Too much alcohol in the body can raise people’s total cholesterol.
• Not moving around enough: Physical activity like aerobic exercise improves people’s cholesterol numbers. If people have a desk job or sit a lot in people free time, people bodies won’t produce enough “good cholesterol.”
• Diet: Some foods may raise or lower cholesterol. Sometimes healthcare providers will recommend dietary changes or a visit with a nutritionist to discuss people’s diets.

Cholesterol is carried through the blood, connected to proteins. This combination of proteins and cholesterol is named a lipoprotein. There are various types of cholesterol, based on what the lipoprotein carries.

What is the difference between “good cholesterol”(HDL) and “bad cholesterol”(LDL)?

Good cholesterol is known as high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It removes cholesterol from the bloodstream. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the “bad” cholesterol. If people’s total cholesterol level is high because of a high Low-density lipoprotein level, people may be at higher risk of heart disease or stroke. But, if people’s total cholesterol level is high only because of a high high-density lipoprotein level, people are probably not at higher risk. Triglycerides are other types of fatty substances in the blood. When people eat more calories than the body can use, it turns the extra calories into triglycerides. Changing people’s lifestyles (diet and exercise) can improve people’s cholesterol levels, lower Low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, and increase high-density lipoprotein. There are several types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are:

• Total cholesterol — all the cholesterols combined. less than 200 is best, but it depends on your High-density lipoprotein and Low-density lipoprotein levels.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — often named “good” cholesterol. 60 or higher decreases the risk of heart disease.
• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol — often named “bad” cholesterol. less than 130 is best, but this depends on the risk of heart disease.
• Triglycerides – less than 150 milligrams each deciliter (mg/dl) is best.

They are:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or “bad cholesterol”

• Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is often named “bad cholesterol.” It carries cholesterol to the arteries. If people’s levels of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are too high, it can build up on the walls of their arteries. This buildup is also called cholesterol plaque. This plaque can narrow the arteries, limit blood flow, and increase the risk of blood clots. If a blood clot blocks or stops an artery in the heart or the brain, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. Low-density lipoprotein, the “bad” cholesterol, transports cholesterol particles throughout the body. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol builds up in the walls of the arteries, making them hard and narrow.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL).HDL cholesterol, or “good cholesterol”

• High-density lipoprotein, the “good” cholesterol, picks up excess cholesterol and takes it to return to the liver. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is sometimes named “good cholesterol.” It assists in the return of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to the liver to be removed from the body. This assists stop cholesterol plaque from building up in the arteries. When people have healthy levels of High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, it can assist lower the risk of blood clots, heart disease, and stroke.

Triglycerides, a different type of lipid

• Triglycerides are another type of lipid. They are various from cholesterol. While the body uses cholesterol to build cells and specific hormones, it uses triglycerides as a source of energy. When people eat more calories than their body can use right away, it converts those calories into triglycerides. It stores triglycerides in the fat cells. that also uses lipoproteins to circulate triglycerides through the bloodstream. If people regularly eat more calories than their bodies can use, their triglyceride levels may become too high. This can increase the risk of many health problems, including heart disease and stroke. The doctor can use a simple blood test to measure the triglyceride level, as well as the cholesterol levels. A lipid profile also commonly measures triglycerides, a type of fat in the blood. Having a high triglyceride level also can raise the risk of heart disease. Factors people can control — such as inactivity or not an activity, obesity, and an unhealthy diet — contribute to harmful cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Factors beyond the control might play a role, too. For eg, the genetic makeup might make it more difficult for the body to remove Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the blood or break it down in the liver. Triglycerides are other types of fatty substances in the blood. Those are produced by the liver and are also found in dairy products, meat, and cooking oils.

A raised risk of having a high triglyceride level might be the result of:

• being overweight
• an eating a diet high in fatty or sugary foods
• drinking a large amount of alcohol
• genetic factors
• having diabetes

Medical conditions that can lead to not healthy cholesterol levels include:

• Chronic kidney disease
• Diabetes. Type 2 diabetes — another chronic condition sensitive to lifestyle factors, body weight, and metabolism — is also associated with lower High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. According to a study, the causes for this relationship are only partially understood, but the changes in insulin metabolism and overall inflammation may be contributing factors. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are also more likely to have lipid profiles that contribute to heart disease, even if their levels are normal overall.
• HIV/AIDS
• Hypothyroidism
• Lupus

Cholesterol levels can also be worsened by a few types of medications people may be taking for other health problems, such as:

• Acne
• Cancer
• High blood pressure
• HIV/AIDS
• Irregular heart rhythms
• Organ transplants

Medicines such as certain birth control pills, diuretics (water pills), beta-blockers, and a few medicines used to treat depression may also raise cholesterol levels. Many disorders that are passed down through families lead to abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. They include:

• Familial combined hyperlipidemia
• Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Familial hypertriglyceridemia

Smoking does not cause higher cholesterol levels, but it can decrease the High-density lipoprotein(good) cholesterol.

What are the risk factors for High cholesterol levels?

Factors that can raise the risk of unhealthy cholesterol levels include:

• Poor diet. Eating too much-saturated fat or trans fats can result in not healthy cholesterol levels. Saturated fat is found in fatty cuts of meats. and full-fat dairy products. Trans fats are frequently found in packaged snacks or/and desserts. Eating a diet high in cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fats are known to contribute to high cholesterol levels. Most animal and full-fat dairy products, and specific oils that are solid at room temperature, contain high levels of saturated fat. Decreasing the amount of saturated and trans fat in the diet is considered the best dietary change to lower cholesterol.
• Obesity. Having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater puts people at risk of high cholesterol. obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 — is linked to higher levels of triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However people considered overweight or obese using the body mass index scale have a raised risk for high cholesterol, people with a lower body mass index can be affected by high cholesterol as well.
• Lack of exercise. Exercise helps boost people’s body’s High-density lipoprotein, the “good,” cholesterol.
• Smoking. Cigarette smoking may lower people’s levels of High-density lipoprotein, the “good,” cholesterol.
• Alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can raise people’s total cholesterol levels.
• Age. Even a young child can have unhealthy cholesterol, but it is much more common in individuals over 40. As you age, the liver becomes less able to remove Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Due to age-related metabolic changes, including how the liver removes Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the blood, everyone’s risk of high cholesterol raises as they get older.

People may be at a higher risk of developing high cholesterol if people:

• are living with obesity
• consume a lot of saturated and trans fats, like those found in fast-foods
• have limited physical activity
• smoke tobacco products or tobacco use. Tobacco use is known to damage blood vessels and lower High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which at normal levels protects against heart disease, specifically in women. No conclusive evidence shows that smoking tobacco raises Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but it does create an arterial environment that promotes fatty plaque buildup.
• have a family history of high cholesterol
• have diabetes, hypothyroidism, or kidney disease

People of all ages, genders, and ethnicities could have high cholesterol.

Cholesterol levels-High cholesterol

About people’s cholesterol results. A cholesterol test can measure:

• total cholesterol – the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood, including both “good” and “bad” cholesterol
• total cholesterol to High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC: High-density lipoprotein) – the level of good cholesterol in the blood compared to their overall cholesterol level
• good cholesterol (called High-density lipoprotein) – this makes people less likely to have heart problems or a stroke
• bad cholesterol (called Low-density lipoprotein and non-High-density lipoprotein) – this makes people more likely to have heart problems or a stroke
• triglycerides – a fatty substance same to bad cholesterol

When people get their tour results, they may just be told their total cholesterol. people might be able to get separate results for their good cholesterol and bad cholesterol, triglycerides, and people’s total cholesterol to High-density lipoprotein ratio. Ask the doctor or the nurse.

Check what people’s cholesterol levels should be

This is just a guide. The levels people should aim for might be various. Ask the doctor or nurse what the levels should be.

Healthy levels for various types of cholesterol.Result and Healthy level (mmol/L) below.

• Total cholesterol-5 or below
• HDL (good cholesterol)-1 or above
• Non-HDL (bad cholesterol)-4 or below
• Fasting triglycerides (when people are asked not to eat for many hours before the test)-1.7 or below
• Non-fasting triglycerides (when people eat as normal before the test)-2.3 or below
• Total cholesterol to High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio-6 or below

What are the complications of High cholesterol levels?

High cholesterol can lead to a dangerous accumulation of cholesterol and other deposits on the walls of the arteries (atherosclerosis). These deposits (plaques) can decrease blood flow through the arteries, which can lead to complications.

Without treatment, high cholesterol can lead to plaque building up in the arteries. Over time, this plaque could narrow the arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a serious condition. It could limit the flow of blood through the arteries. that also raises the risk of developing dangerous blood clots. Atherosclerosis could result in many life-threatening complications, such as:

• stroke. same as a heart attack, a stroke happens when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain.
• heart attack. If plaques tear or rupture, a blood clot can form at the plaque-rupture site — blocking or stopping the flow of blood or breaking free and plugging an artery downstream. If blood flow to part of the heart stops, people will have a heart attack.
• angina, or chest pain. If the arteries that supply the heart with blood (coronary arteries) are affected, people might have chest pain (angina) and other symptoms of coronary artery disease.
• high blood pressure
• peripheral vascular disease
• chronic kidney disease

High cholesterol could also create a bile imbalance, raising the risk of gallstones. See the other ways that high cholesterol can impact the body.

How does High cholesterol affect my body?

Over time, high cholesterol leads to plaque buildup inside the blood vessels. This plaque buildup is named atherosclerosis. People with atherosclerosis face a higher risk of numerous various medical conditions. That is because the blood vessels do important work throughout the body. So when there is a problem in one of the blood vessels, there is a ripple effect. people can think of the blood vessels as a complex network of pipes that keep blood flowing through the body. Plaque is like the gunk that clogs the pipes at home and slows down the shower drain. Plaque sticks to the inner walls of the blood vessels and limits how much blood can flow through. When people have high cholesterol, people have plaque forms inside the blood vessels. The longer people go without treatment, the bigger the plaque gets. As the plaque gets bigger, the blood vessels become narrowed or blocked. such as a partly clogged drain, the blood vessels may still work for a long time. But those won’t work as efficiently as they should. High cholesterol raises the risk of other medical conditions depending on which blood vessels are clogged.

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is also named coronary heart disease (CHD) or ischemic heart disease. This is what most individuals mean when they use the term “heart disease.” Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease and the leading cause of death. Coronary artery disease happens when atherosclerosis affects the coronary arteries. These are blood vessels that carry the blood to the heart. When people’s heart does not get enough blood, it gets weaker and stops working as they should. Coronary artery disease can lead to a heart attack or heart failure. What many individuals do not know is that Coronary artery disease can affect younger people. About 1 in 5 people who die from Coronary artery disease are under the age of 65. That’s why it is important to get cholesterol checked to start at a young age. Over time, plaque can silently build up in the coronary arteries. Many people don’t realize it’s occurring until they get chest pain (angina) or another sign of a heart attack.

Carotid artery disease

When atherosclerosis affects the carotid arteries, it is called carotid artery disease. The carotid arteries carry blood to the large, front part of the brain. When plaque narrows these arteries, the brain can not get enough oxygen-rich blood. Carotid artery disease could lead to a transient ischemic attack (TIA or “mini-stroke”) or a stroke.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

When atherosclerosis affects the arteries in the legs or the arms, it is called peripheral artery disease (PAD). The arteries in the legs and the arms are “peripheral” because they are away from the heart and the center of the body. peripheral artery disease is more common in the legs but can also happen in the arms. peripheral artery disease is dangerous because it frequently causes no symptoms. people might finally start to feel symptoms when a peripheral artery is at least 60% blocked. A key symptom is an intermittent claudication. This is a leg cramp that starts up when people are moving around but then stops when people rest. It is a sign of decreased blood flow caused by the growing plaque in the artery. peripheral artery disease can cause major problems in the legs and the feet but also elsewhere in the body. That is because all the blood vessels are connected through the cardiovascular system. So, plaque buildup in one area slows down the whole network of “pipes.” peripheral artery disease is not similar to coronary artery disease (CAD), but the two conditions are related. Individuals with one condition are likely to have the other one, too. Both peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease have many similar risk factors.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure (hypertension) and high cholesterol are connected (or linked). Cholesterol plaque and calcium cause the arteries to become hard and narrow. So, the heart has to strain much harder to pump blood via them. As a result, the blood pressure evolves too high. High blood pressure and high cholesterol are two of the biggest leads of heart disease. For more than half of the adults in every group, treatment is not helping enough, or else they are not using any treatment. Medications from the healthcare provider can assist a lot, but lifestyle changes can assist those medications to work at their best. Lifestyle changes are important for managing both high blood pressure and high cholesterol. a few changes include:

• Eat less saturated fat and trans fat: Fast food could contain high amounts of both. But even foods at formal restaurants can be high in saturated fat depending on how they are cooked.
• Eat fewer fried foods and fewer processed foods: These include prepackaged desserts and snacks.
• Eat less sodium (salt): A few foods have hidden salt. It is important to read labels in the store. A few restaurants may be able to share nutrition information for menu items.
• Stop smoking and using tobacco products: Smoking is a causing risk factor for heart disease and blood vessel problems.

What medical problems affect my Cholesterol levels?

Medical problems and cholesterol have a two-way relationship. High cholesterol can cause medical problems such as atherosclerosis. But a few medical conditions can also put people at a higher risk of having high cholesterol. Here are a few conditions that may affect cholesterol levels.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A person with chronic kidney disease (CKD) faces a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. That is because chronic kidney disease causes plaque to build up more quickly in their arteries. People with early-stage chronic kidney disease are more likely to die from heart disease than from kidney disease. chronic kidney disease leads to people having more triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood. It also causes people to have more very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. very low-density lipoproteins are particles that carry triglycerides. Meanwhile, chronic kidney disease lowers the “good cholesterol” (HDL) levels and prevents the HDLs from working as they should. chronic kidney disease also changes the structure of the “bad cholesterol” (LDL) particles so they cause more harm.

HIV

People with HIV are nearly twice as likely as individuals without HIV to have a heart attack or stroke. Researchers used to think these higher risks came from HIV medications (antiretroviral therapy). They believed those medications increased a person’s cholesterol. But newer research shows the culprit is a person’s immune system. Even if HIV is managed, the immune system may still be activated. This puts the body in a state of chronic inflammation. This inflammation triggers plaque buildup and atherosclerosis. The good news is that individuals with HIV are living longer. But that means more research requires to explore how chronic diseases like heart disease affect them.

Thyroid disease

Having thyroid disease can affect cholesterol levels. That is because the thyroid hormone influences how the body processes lipids (fats). The impact depends on what kind of thyroid disease people have.

Hyperthyroidism: This condition causes the body to make too much thyroid hormone. Medications used to treat this condition can increase cholesterol levels (total, LDL, and HDL). If people are being treated for hyperthyroidism, talk with the healthcare provider about how to manage the cholesterol.
Hypothyroidism: This condition causes the body to make too little thyroid hormone. It also causes people to have higher cholesterol levels. In this case, treatment for thyroid disease lowers cholesterol levels. But people may still require to take statins to get the cholesterol in the ideal range. the provider will discuss what’s best for the case.

Lupus

People with lupus generally have higher levels of “bad cholesterol” (Low-density lipoprotein, VLDL) and triglycerides. Those also have lower levels of “good cholesterol” (High-density lipoprotein). Individuals who have active lupus face a greater risk of high cholesterol compared with those who have well-managed (quiet) lupus. Lupus increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease. That’s because lupus causes the body to be in a state of chronic inflammation. This inflammation leads to faster plaque buildup in the arteries.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A person with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) faces a higher risk of heart disease. This type of risk goes up more as they age. polycystic ovary syndrome raises the risk of many heart disease risk factors, including diabetes and high blood pressure. People with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to have high “bad cholesterol” (Low-density lipoprotein) levels and low “good cholesterol” (High-density lipoprotein) levels.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes) doubles the risk for coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. Diabetes is connected with lower levels of High-density lipoprotein and higher levels of triglycerides and Low-density lipoproteins. About 7 out of 10 individuals with Type 2 diabetes are diagnosed with diabetes-related dyslipidemia. This means they have high triglyceride levels, high “small dense” Low-density lipoprotein levels, and low High-density lipoprotein levels. “Small dense” Low-density lipoprotein is a specific type of cholesterol protein that can easily enter the artery wall and lead to damage. Having too many small dense Low-density lipoproteins in the blood can cause plaque to grow. Researchers continue to explore how heart disease and diabetes relate to each other.

How is High cholesterol diagnosed?

A blood test to check cholesterol levels — named a lipid panel or lipid profile — generally reports:

• Total cholesterol
• Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• Triglycerides — this is a type of fat in a blood

Generally, people are required to fast, consuming no food or liquids other than water, for nine to 12 hours before the test. a few cholesterol tests do not need fasting, so follow the doctor’s instructions.

people can not tell if people have high cholesterol without having it checked. A simple blood test will reveal the cholesterol level. Men thirty-five years of age and older and women forty-five years of age and older should have their cholesterol checked. Men and women twenty years of age and older who have risk factors for heart disease should have their cholesterol checked. Teens may require to be checked if they are taking specific medicines or have a strong family history of high cholesterol. Ask the doctor how frequently people should have their cholesterol checked. Risk factors for heart disease include:

• Cigarette smoking
• High blood pressure
• Older age
• Having an immediate family member (parent or/and sibling) who has had heart disease
• Being overweight or obese
• Inactivity

Exams and Tests

A cholesterol test is done to diagnose the lipid disorder. Various experts recommend various starting ages for adults.

• Recommended starting ages are between twenty to thirty-five for men and 20 to 45 for women.
• Adults with normal cholesterol levels do not require to have the test repeated for 5 years.
• Repeat testing sooner if changes happen in lifestyle (including weight gain and diet).
• Adults with a history of raised cholesterol, diabetes, kidney problems, heart disease, and other conditions need more frequent testing.

It is important to work with your healthcare provider to set your cholesterol goals. Newer guidelines steer doctors away from targeting exact levels of cholesterol. Instead, they recommend various medicines and doses depending on a person’s history and risk factor profile. These guidelines vary from time to time as more information from research studies becomes available. General targets are:

• Low-density lipoprotein(LDL): This is 70 to 130 mg/dL (lower numbers are better)
• High-density lipoprotein(HDL): More than 50 mg/dL (higher numbers are better)
• Total cholesterol: This cholesterol is Less than 200 mg/dL (lower numbers are better)
• Triglycerides: This is 10 to 150 mg/dL (lower numbers are better)

If people’s cholesterol results are abnormal, people may also have other tests such as:

• Blood sugar (glucose) test. this test to look for diabetes
• Kidney function tests
• A thyroid function test to look for an underactive thyroid gland

What is the treatment for High cholesterol levels?

Medicines for high cholesterol

There are many medications available to assist lower elevated levels of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Every category of medication varies in how it works, how effective it is, and how much it costs. The health care provider will recommend a medication or combination of medications based on blood lipid levels and other individual factors.

Medicine to lower your cholesterol

People might need medicine to lower their cholesterol if:

• people’s cholesterol level has not gone down after changing their diet and lifestyle
• people are at a high risk of having a heart attack or stroke

Ask the doctor about the medicines people can take.

Cholesterol medications

In a few cases, the doctor might prescribe medications to assist lower their cholesterol levels.

Statins. Statins are the most commonly prescribed medications for high cholesterol. They block a liver from producing more cholesterol. Statins are the most common medicine for high cholesterol levels. They reduce the amount of cholesterol the body makes. people take a tablet once a day. people usually require to take them for life. Statins block a substance the liver requires to make cholesterol. This leads to the liver removing cholesterol from the blood. Choices include lovastatin (Altoprev), pitavastatin (Livalo), and pravastatin (Pravachol), eg, statins include:

• atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• fluvastatin (Lescol)
• rosuvastatin (Crestor)
• simvastatin (Zocor)

The doctor may also prescribe other medications for high cholesterol, such as:

Niacin. Niacin limits the liver’s ability to produce Low-density lipoprotein and Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. But niacin does not provide additional advantages over statins. Niacin has also been connected to liver damage and strokes, so most doctors now recommend it only for individuals who can’t take statins. Nicotinic acid is a vitamin that is available in immediate-release, sustained-release, and extended-release formulations Nicotinic acid is rarely used for high cholesterol. In most situations, ezetimibe or the PCSK9 inhibitor is tried before nicotinic acid. Historically, this agent used to be used to raise High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but that is no longer recommended. It is a few times used for patients with high lipoprotein(a) levels and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that is refractory to more effective and better-tolerated medications (statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors). Nicotinic acid is associated with numerous side effects, including flushing (when the face or body turns red and becomes warm), itching, nausea, numbness and tingling, and worsening of gout. This medication can also cause liver damage; individuals who use it need regular blood tests to monitor their liver function. Due to these types of risks, the FDA no longer recommends its use with statins or cautious use.

bile acids resins or sequestrants, the liver uses cholesterol to make bile acids, a substance required for digestion. The Bile acid sequestrants include the medications such as cholestyramine (Prevalite), colesevelam (name of the brand: Welchol), and colestipol (name of the brand: Colestid) lower the level of cholesterol indirectly by binding to bile acids. This prompts the liver to use excess cholesterol to make more bile acids, which decreases the level of cholesterol in the blood. These medications bind to bile acids in the intestine, decreasing the amount of cholesterol the body absorbs from foods. They are used only occasionally. They lower Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only modestly (10 to 15 percent).the side effects could be bothersome and may include nausea, bloating, cramping, and liver damage. Taking psyllium (a fiber supplement, such as Metamucil) can sometimes decrease the dose required and the side effects. Bile acid sequestrants can interact with a few medications, including digoxin (brand name: Lanoxin) and warfarin (brand name: Jantoven), and with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (including vitamins A, D, K, and E). Taking these medications at various times of day can solve these problems in a few cases.

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors, such as ezetimibe (Zetia). A small intestine absorbs the cholesterol from the diet and releases it into the bloodstream. The drug ezetimibe (Zetia) assists to decrease blood cholesterol by limiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Ezetimibe could be used with the statin drug.

PCSK9 inhibitors, Like alirocumab (Praluent) and evolocumab (Repatha). These drugs can assist the liver to absorb more Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which lowers the amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood. Alirocumab (Praluent) and evolocumab (Repatha) might be used for individuals who have a genetic condition that causes very high levels of Low-density lipoprotein or in individuals with a history of coronary disease people who have an intolerance to statins or other cholesterol medications. They are injected under the skin every few weeks and they are expensive.

Some products contain a combination of drugs to assist decrease the body’s absorption of cholesterol from foods and decrease the liver’s production of cholesterol. One eg is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin (Vytorin). and learn more about the drugs used to treat high cholesterol.

The choice of medication or combination of medications depends on various factors, including people’s risk factors, people’s age, people’s health, and possible drug side effects. Common choices include:

Bempedoic acid

Bempedoic acid is the newest lipid-lowering agent, and it is approved for diminishing Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. That works by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis at a step before the HMG-CoA reductase or the enzyme inhibited by statin therapy. Bempedoic acid alone or in combination with a statin or ezetimibe lowers Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as other atherogenic proteins. the side effects include a raise in uric acid levels and increased gout episodes. in addition, Achilles tendon rupture (or an injured) has been reported as a rare side effect. This newer drug works similarly to statins but is less likely to cause muscle pain. Adding bempedoic acid (Nexletol) to a maximum statin dosage can assist lower Low-density lipoprotein significantly. the combination pill containing both bempedoic acid and ezetimibe (Nexlizet) also is available.

Medications for high triglycerides

If people also have high triglycerides, the doctor might prescribe:

• Fibrates. The medications fenofibrate (Tricor, Fenoglide, others) and gemfibrozil (Lopid) reduce your liver’s production of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and speed the removal of triglycerides from the blood. very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contains mostly triglycerides. Using fibrates with a statin can raise the risk of statin side effects.

• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements can assist lower people’s triglycerides. Those are available by prescription or over-the-counter (OTC). If people choose to take over-the-counter supplements, get the doctor’s OK. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements could affect other medications people are taking. Oily fish, such as mackerel, herring, bluefish, sardines, salmon, and anchovies, contains two important fatty acids named docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Eating a diet that includes one to two servings of oily fish every week can lower triglyceride levels and decrease the risk of death from coronary heart disease. Fish oil supplements, supplements with low-dose mixed fish oils (generally approximately 1 gram per day of combined DHA and EPA), had been thought to provide cardiac benefit, but large trials have found no significant benefit. As such, they are no longer recommended. A specific high-dose preparation (4 grams every day of icosapent ethyl or 1800 mg every day of highly purified EPA) has been found to decrease the risk of heart attack, stroke, the requirement for the stent of bypass surgery, and cardiac death when used with a statin in individuals who have mild hypertriglyceridemia (149 to 500 mg/dL) and either established CVD or/and diabetes plus other cardiovascular risk factors. A second study of a high-dose agent that had both EPA and DHA failed to provide an advantage, suggesting that the EPA-only preparation at the 4 g dose is important. Although, the trials found that omega-3 fatty acid medications increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. Therefore, a discussion with the cardiologist on the net benefit or harm of taking fish oil supplements including icosapent ethyl is required before starting this treatment.

Tolerance varies

Tolerance of medications varies from person to person. The common side effects of statins are muscle pains and muscle damage, reversible memory loss and confusion, and raised blood sugar. If people decide to take cholesterol medication, the doctor might recommend liver function tests to monitor the medication’s effect on the liver.

Children and cholesterol treatment

Diet and exercise are the best initial treatment for children aged 2 and older people who have high cholesterol or who are obese. Children aged 10 and older people who have extremely high cholesterol levels might be prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins.

Other medicines for high cholesterol

Other medicines may be used if statins do not work or people do not want to take statins. These include:

• other tablets – such as ezetimibe, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants (also named resins), and bempedoic acid.
• injections – such as alirocumab, inclisiran and evolocumab.

How to lower people’s cholesterol-High cholesterol

If people have high cholesterol, the doctor may recommend lifestyle changes to assist lower it. For instance, they may recommend changes to the diet, exercise habits, or other aspects of the daily routine. If people smoke, they will likely advise people to quit. the doctor may also prescribe medications or other treatments to assist lower cholesterol levels. In a few cases, they may refer people to a specialist for more care.

There is no set time in which cholesterol is guaranteed to drop. Cholesterol-lowering drugs commonly produce a change in low-density lipoprotein within 6 to 8 weeks. Lifestyle changes can change cholesterol levels within weeks. Although, it may take longer, commonly about 3 months — sometimes more.

Ways to lower people’s cholesterol level

Lowering cholesterol through the diet. To help people achieve and maintain healthy cholesterol levels, the doctor may recommend changes to the diet. For example, they may advise people to:

• limit an intake of foods that are high in cholesterol, saturated fats, and trans fats
• They choose lean sources of protein, such as fish, chicken, and legumes
• eat a wide variety of high-fiber foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• opt for baked, broiled, steamed, grilled, and roasted foods rather than fried foods
• avoid or evade fast food and sugary, pre-packaged options when possible

The foods that are high in cholesterol, saturated fats, or trans fats include:

• a red meat, organ meats, egg yolks, and high-fat dairy products
• processed foods made with cocoa butter or/and palm oil
• deep-fried foods, like fried chicken, potato chips, and onion rings
• specific baked goods, such as some cookies and muffins

Eating fish and other foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids may also assist lower people’s low-density lipoprotein levels. For eg, mackerel, salmon, and herring are rich sources of omega-3s. Walnuts, almonds, ground flaxseeds, and avocados also include omega-3s.

Eat less fatty food

To decrease people’s cholesterol, try to cut down on fatty food, specifically food that contains a type of fat named saturated fat. people can still have foods that contain a healthier type of fat named unsaturated fat. Check the labels on food to see what type of fat it has in it.

Try to eat more:

• oily fish, like mackerel and salmon
• brown rice, wholewheat pasta, and whole-grain bread
• nuts and seeds
• fruits and vegetables

Try to eat less:

• meat pies, sausages, and fatty meat
• butter, lard, and ghee
• cream and hard cheese, like cheddar
• cakes and biscuits
• food that includes coconut oil or palm oil

Exercise more

Aim to do at least 150 minutes (2.5 hours) of exercise each week. Some good things to try when beginning include:

• walking – try to walk fast enough so the heart starts beating faster
• swimming
• cycling

Try a few different exercises to find something people like doing. people are more likely to keep doing it if people enjoy it.

Stop smoking

Smoking can raise people’s cholesterol and make people more likely to have serious problems such as heart attacks, strokes, and cancer. If people want to stop smoking, people can get help and support from:

• your GP

They can give people useful tips and advice about ways to stop cravings.

Cut down on alcohol

Try to:

• avoid or evade drinking more than 14 units of alcohol per week
• have several drink-free days every week
• evade or avoid drinking lots of alcohol in a short time (binge drinking)

Ask the GP for help and advice if people are struggling to cut down.

Duration of High Cholesterol

Although people can have high cholesterol for years, medication and lifestyle changes can decrease cholesterol levels to desirable levels within a few months, with some studies finding levels can improve in as little as 4 weeks with a plant-based diet. In a meta-analysis of 49 studies on the effect of plant-based dietary interventions lasting under four weeks, researchers found that plant-based diets correlated with decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol.

Lifestyle changes — If people have high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, they should try to make some changes in their day-to-day habits, including decreasing the amount of total and saturated fat in their diet, losing weight (if they are overweight or obese), getting regular aerobic exercise, and eating plenty of fruits and vegetables A plant-based diet is an effective strategy to lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The benefits of these lifestyle changes generally become evident within 6 to 12 months. Although the success of lipid-lowering with lifestyle modification varies widely, healthcare providers sometimes recommend beginning medication sooner.

The lifestyle changes like exercising and eating a healthy diet are the first line of defense against high cholesterol. But, if people have made these important lifestyle changes and people’s cholesterol levels remain high, the doctor might recommend medication. Steps people can take to improve their cholesterol levels and to help prevent heart disease and heart attack include:

• Quit smoking. This is the single biggest change people can make to decrease their risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Eat foods that are naturally low in fat. These contain whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Use low-fat toppings, sauces, and dressings.
• Avoid or Evade foods that are high in saturated fat.
• Exercise regularly.
• Lose weight if people are overweight.

The provider may want people to take medicine for their cholesterol if lifestyle changes do not work. This will depend on:

• People age
• Whether or not people have heart disease, diabetes, or other blood flow problems
• Whether people smoke or are overweight
• Whether people have high blood pressure or diabetes

people are more likely to require medication to lower their cholesterol:

• If people have heart disease or diabetes
• If people are at risk for heart disease (even if people do not yet have any heart problems)
• If your low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is 190 mg/dL or higher

Almost everyone else may get health benefits from low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that is lower than 160 to 190 mg/dL. There are many types of drugs to help lower blood cholesterol levels. The drugs work in various ways. Statins are one kind of drug that lowers cholesterol and has been proven to decrease the chance of heart disease. Other drugs are available if the risk is high and statins do not lower the cholesterol levels enough. These include ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors.

Managing high cholesterol

There are many ways that people can help to keep people cholesterol under control and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease.

• Have people’s cholesterol checked regularly, as part of an assessment of people’s overall risk of heart, stroke, and blood vessel disease. The higher your risk, the more often you should have these checks.
• Saturated fat is the type of fat that clogs our arteries and increases our blood cholesterol levels. A diet high in saturated fat is the main lead of high cholesterol. Simple ways to decrease the amount people eat include switching from butter to margarine, choosing reduced-fat dairy, and trimming visible fat from meat.
• Enjoy healthy eating. Choose mainly plant-based foods, like vegetables, fruits, and legumes (dried peas, dried beans, and lentils), and grain-based foods (preferably wholegrain), such as bread, pasta, noodles, and rice.
• Consume moderate amounts of lean meats, poultry, fish, and decreased-fat dairy products, and moderate amounts of polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat.
• Shoppers concerned about the amount of saturated fat in foods could look for products with the Heart Foundation Tick as a healthier choice.

Other actions include:

• Be smoke-free
• Limit the alcohol intake
• Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
• Be active each day. Do 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, if not all, days of each week.

If people have high cholesterol, people can help to lower it by changing some of the foods that they eat.

Foods that make up a low-cholesterol diet can assist lower high levels

Changing what foods people eat can lower people’s cholesterol and improve the armada of fats floating through their bloodstream. Adding foods that lower low-density lipoprotein, the harmful cholesterol-carrying particle that contributes to artery-clogging atherosclerosis, is the best way to achieve a low-cholesterol diet.

Add these foods to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Different foods lower cholesterol in various ways. A few deliver soluble fiber, which binds cholesterol and its precursors in the digestive system and drags them out of the body before they get into circulation. Some give people polyunsaturated fats, which directly lower low-density lipoprotein. And a few contain plant sterols and stanols, which block a body from absorbing cholesterol.

Oats. An easy first step to lowering people’s cholesterol is having a bowl of oatmeal or cold oat-based cereal like Cheerios for breakfast. It gives people 1 to 2 grams of soluble fiber. Add the banana or a few strawberries for another half-gram. Current nutrition guidelines recommend getting 20 to 35 grams of fiber per day, with at least 5 to 10 grams coming from soluble fiber.

Barley and other whole grains. such as oats and oat bran, barley, and other whole grains can assist lower the risk of heart disease, mainly through the soluble fiber they deliver.

Beans. Beans are particularly rich in soluble fiber. They also take a while for the body to digest, meaning people feel full for longer after a meal. That is one cause beans are a useful food for folks trying to lose weight. With so numerous choices — from navy and kidney beans to lentils, garbanzos, black-eyed peas, and beyond — and so multiple ways to prepare them, beans are a very versatile food.

Eggplant and okra. These 2 low-calorie vegetables are good sources of soluble fiber.

Nuts. A bushel of studies shows that eating almonds, peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts is better for the heart. Eating 2 ounces of nuts a day can slightly lower low-density lipoprotein, on the order of 5%. Nuts have extra nutrients that protect the heart in other ways.

Vegetable oils. Using liquid vegetable oils like canola, sunflower, safflower, and others in place of butter, lard, or shortening when cooking or at the table assists in lower low-density lipoprotein.

Apples, grapes, strawberries, citrus fruits. These types of fruits are rich in pectin, a type of soluble fiber that diminishes low-density lipoprotein.

Foods fortified with sterols and stanols. The sterols and stanols extracted from plants gum up the body’s ability to absorb cholesterol from food. The companies are adding them to foods ranging from margarine and granola bars to orange juice and chocolate. They are also available as supplements. Getting 2 grams of plant sterols or stanols a day could lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by about 10%.

Soy. Eating soybeans and eating foods made from that, such as tofu and soy milk, was once touted as a powerful way to lower cholesterol. Analyses show that the effect is more modest — consuming 25 grams of soy protein per day (10 ounces of tofu or 2 1/2 cups of soy milk) could lower low-density lipoprotein by 5% to 6%.

Fatty fish. Eating fish two or three times a week can lower low-density lipoprotein in two ways: by replacing meat, which has low-density lipoprotein-boosting saturated fats, and by delivering low-density lipoprotein-lowering omega-3 fats. Omega-3s decrease triglycerides in the bloodstream and also protect the heart by assisting prevent the onset of abnormal heart rhythms.

Fiber supplements. Supplements offer the least appealing way to obtain soluble fiber. 2 teaspoons a day of psyllium, which is found in Metamucil and other bulk-forming laxatives, provide about 4 grams of soluble fiber.

What Are Some Recommended Drinks to Lower Cholesterol?

Cholesterol levels are an important factor in heart health, and that is important to maintain a healthy level. To do so, it is useful to understand what leads to high cholesterol and what foods and drinks can lower the level. While much of a focus on lowering cholesterol is on what people eat, this review discusses drinks to consider to lower cholesterol levels and enhance heart health. A few homemade drinks lower cholesterol-Certain drinks can assist maintain an ideal cholesterol level. A few of the best drinks for cholesterol management contain green tea, pomegranate juice, citrus juice, soy milk, plant-based smoothies, and red wine.

Drinks that can lower cholesterol

Cholesterol is frequently high due to excessive saturated fat and trans fat consumption. Specific drinks can assist maintain an ideal cholesterol level. A few of the best drinks for cholesterol management include green tea, citrus juice, pomegranate juice, soy milk, plant-based smoothies, and red wine.

Green tea

Green tea is not nearly as processed as other types of tea, which allows it to hold onto its natural medicinal properties which have been used for centuries. Especially, green tea includes catechins, which are antioxidants that are reported to assist lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although, that is important to choose the right green tea as they are not all equal. In general, that is best to choose the green tea brands that are the least processed and most natural.

Pomegranate juice

Pomegranate juice contains a higher level of antioxidants than other fruit juices like blueberry, orange, and cranberry juice. That also includes more antioxidants than green tea (approximately three times more). The antioxidant properties may help lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. A few studies have also suggested pomegranate juice can assist lower blood pressure as well. Grape, cranberry, and cherry juice may also assist with cholesterol management.

Soy milk

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends 25 grams every day of soy protein. Soy is low in saturated fats, which can assist with cholesterol management when replacing other forms of milk consumption. Soy assists cardiovascular health in another way as well, which makes soy milk a great choice.

Plant-based smoothies

Plant-based milk generally contains ingredients that assist with cholesterol management. One great way to enjoy the taste and reduce cholesterol is through plant-based smoothies. Be sure to add in bananas, grapes, melons, mangos, and other delicious fruits to make a delicious plant-based smoothie it is ideal for heart health.

Red wine

While alcohol in excess is, of course, detrimental to heart health, a moderate level of red wine might assist lower cholesterol levels. Red wine, in particular, contains anti-oxidant properties. Therefore, if people enjoy a glass of alcohol occasionally but still require to take care of people’s heart health, red wine is the ideal choice of beverage. Of course, moderation is important for cholesterol management.

What are the home remedies to lower cholesterol naturally?

In some cases, people may be able to lower their cholesterol levels without taking medications. For example, it might be enough to eat a nutritious diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking tobacco products. A few individuals also claim that certain herbal and nutritional supplements may help lower cholesterol levels. For eg, claims have been made about:

• garlic
• hawthorn
• astragalus
• red yeast rice
• plant sterol and stanol supplements
• blond psyllium, found in psyllium seed husk
• ground flaxseed

Although, the level of evidence supporting these claims differs. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any of these products for treating high cholesterol. More research is required to learn if they can assist treat this condition. Always talk with the doctor before taking any herbal or nutritional supplements. In a few cases, they might interact with other medications people are taking.

How to prevent High cholesterol?

Regardless of family history or any previous history of heart disease, people can prevent high cholesterol by eating a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, and quitting smoking. Keeping a normal weight and limiting alcohol intake can also help.

Regularly monitoring people’s cholesterol levels can also help prevent people’s numbers from getting too high or low. In general, healthy adults should check their cholesterol every four to six years, but the doctor may ask to check the cholesterol more frequently depending on their age, overall health, and other risk factors. There are other ways to control high cholesterol, too

Eat a Healthy Diet

Eating a diet low in saturated and trans fat and high in fiber and unsaturated fats can assist prevent high cholesterol. Foods such as oatmeal, beans, avocados, and vegetable oils can lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raise High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, the AHA once recommended against consuming dietary cholesterol, which is found in foods like eggs, but it has recently stopped explicitly recommending this because of a lack of robust data.

A healthy diet can help people lose weight. Losing just 5 or 10 pounds may help lower people’s cholesterol. To eat a healthy diet:

• Cut down on saturated fats and trans fats. No more than 10% of people’s daily calories should come from saturated fat, and people should avoid trans fats completely. Based on data from 4 studies, it is estimated that a 2% increase in energy intake from trans fats raises the incidence of heart disease by 23%. Choose unsaturated fats, like olive oil and canola oil, instead.
• Eat whole grains, whole wheat bread and pasta, oat bran, oatmeal,
• and brown rice.
• Eat more fruits and vegetables, which are high in fiber and can assist lower cholesterol levels. Studies show that plant-based diets are associated with reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of up to 15%.
• Limit cholesterol in people’s diet. The highest amounts are found in whole milk products, egg yolks, and organ meats.
• Eat fatty fish. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that individuals eat at least 2 servings of fatty fish (such as salmon or herring) per week.
• Eat phytosterols and stanols found in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, and fortified food products, like orange juice, yogurt, and salad dressing. Studies show that eating 2 to 3 grams of phytosterols daily decreases total cholesterol by up to 11% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by up to 15%.
• Increase people’s intake of high-fiber foods, specifically oats, barley, and legumes, as well as fruits, vegetables, and other whole grains.

Many fad diets are popular, but they may not help people lose weight and keep it off. In a few cases, they might not even be healthy. A healthy diet contains a variety or type of foods. If the diet bans an entire food group (such as carbohydrates), it is probably unhealthy. Experts suggest eating a balanced diet that emphasizes fruit and vegetables:

• Grains: 6 to 8 servings every day (half should be whole grains)
• Vegetables: 3 to 5 servings every day
• Fruits: 4 to 5 servings every day
• Fat-free or low-fat dairy: 2 to 3 servings every day
• Lean meat, poultry, and seafood: Three to six oz. each day (about a size of a deck of cards)
• Fats and oils: 2 to 3 tbsp. every day (use unsaturated fats such as olive oil or canola oil)
• Nuts, seeds, and legumes: 3 to 5 servings every week
• Sweets, sugars: 5 or fewer servings every week (the fewer, the better)

In addition, the AHA also recommends eating two servings of fatty fish (such as salmon, herring, or lake trout) every week; restricting sodium (salt, including salt already added to food) to less than 2,400 mg every day; and limiting alcohol intake to 1 drink the day for women and 2 for men. Although, moderate alcohol consumption may help lower triglyceride levels and raise high-density lipoprotein levels.

The TLC (therapeutic lifestyle changes) diet is recommended for individuals who have high cholesterol. With the therapeutic lifestyle changes diet, less than 7% of the daily total calories should come from saturated fat, and only 25% to 35% of the daily calories should come from fat, overall. Sodium should be limited to 2,400 mg every day. If these steps do not lower the cholesterol, the doctor may suggest adding more soluble fiber to the diet, along with plant sterols (found in cholesterol-lowering portions of margarine and salad dressings).

A Mediterranean-style diet focuses on whole grains, olive oil, fresh fruits and fresh vegetables, fish, and moderate, daily wine consumption. This diet is not low in fat. It is a low saturated fat but high in monounsaturated fat. This diet is naturally rich in fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. It appears to be heart healthy: In a long-term study of 423 individuals who had a heart attack, those who followed a Mediterranean-style diet had a 50 to 70% lower risk of recurrent heart disease compared with individuals who received no special dietary counseling.

Losing Weight

Being overweight raises the risk of heart disease and high cholesterol. Even a 5 to 10-pound weight loss can lower low-density lipoprotein twice as much as diet alone. Weight loss frequently results in lower triglyceride levels and raised High-density lipoprotein, too. To maintain a healthy diet, people should aim for a gradual, weekly weight loss of 1/2 to 1 pound.

If people’s diet is high in fat, fatty plaques are much more likely to build up in their arteries. This is because fatty foods contain cholesterol. There are two types of fats: saturated fat and unsaturated fat. Avoid foods containing saturated fats. They will raise the levels of “bad cholesterol” in the blood. Foods high in saturated fat include:

• sausages and fatty cuts of meat
• butter
• lard
• cream
• hard cheese
• cakes and biscuits
• food that contains coconut or palm oil

It is unhealthy to completely cut out all types of fat from the diet. it is vital to replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats. They raise levels of “good cholesterol” and decrease any blockage in the arteries. The Foods that are high in unsaturated fat include:

• oily fish (such as salmon fish, mackerel fish, and tuna fish)
• avocados
• nuts and seeds
• sunflower, rapeseed, and olive oil

A low-fat diet including lots of fiber and plenty of fruit and vegetables has also been shown to help lower cholesterol. the fruit and vegetables are full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They assist keep the body in good condition. the aim is to eat five 80g portions of fruit and vegetables per day.

Six cholesterol-lowering foods

Many foods are not just part of the healthy diet, they can actively assist to lower people’s cholesterol too. Try to eat some of these each day as part of a healthy diet. The more people add them to what they eat, the more they can help lower people’s cholesterol, specifically if they cut down on saturated fat as well.

1. Foods rich in unsaturated fats

Cutting down on saturated fat and replacing some of it with unsaturated fats is a great way to lower their cholesterol. A food that contains unsaturated fats include:

• vegetable oils such as olive oils, sunflower oils, corn oils, rapeseed oils, nut oils, and seed oils
• avocado, nuts, and seeds
• fat spreads made from vegetable oils, such as sunflower oils and olive oil
• oily fish

Oily fish are a good source of healthy unsaturated fats, especially a type named omega-3 fats. the aim is to eat two portions of fish every week, at least one of which should be oily. A portion is 140g, but people could have two or three smaller portions throughout the week. Tinned, frozen, or fresh all count e.g. salmon, sardines, pilchards, trout, herring, and mackerel. Avoid coconut and palm oil as, not like other vegetable oils, they are high in saturated fat.

2. Fruit and vegetables

Fruits and vegetables can help decrease the risk of heart disease, stroke, and a few cancers. They contain vitamins, minerals, and plant chemicals that help people to stay healthy, and most contain little or no fat and are low in calories, so they can help people to stay a healthy weight. And, if people are eating more fruit and veg, chances are people are eating less of the other more energy-packed foods. Fruit and vegetables are also high in fiber, and a few types of fiber can help to lower people’s cholesterol. It blocks a few cholesterols from being absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream. Pulses such as beans, peas, and lentils are specifically high in this kind of fiber. Sweet potato, aubergine, okra (ladies’ fingers), broccoli, apples, strawberries, and prunes are also good choices.

Aim for: at least five portions of vegetables and fruits every day. The adult portion is around 80g or a handful. Make at least one of these types of beans, peas, or lentils.

• Three tablespoons of vegetables – such as sweet potato, broccoli, or okra
• 3 tablespoons of beans, peas, or lentils – all options count, for eg, chickpeas, kidney beans, garden peas, and red lentils
• 2-3 cauliflower or broccoli florets
• half the large vegetable – such as courgette, pepper, or aubergine
• half an avocado
• the medium-sized vegetable – such as the turnip, parsnip, sweet potato, leek, tomato, or carrot
• a medium-sized fruit – for example, the apple, orange, or banana
• a two small fruits – such as plums or satsumas
• a handful of berries or grapes – and another small fruit such as strawberries and prunes
• a good-sized slice of a larger fruit (such as melon, mango, or pineapple)
• a tablespoon of dried fruit
• a 150ml glass of fruit juice
• a bowl of salad

The fruits and vegetables can be fresh, tinned, frozen, or dried. They all count. If individuals choose tinned, choose options in juice or water, without added sugar or salt. Potatoes, yams, cassava, and plantains are exceptions. They do not count because they count as a portion of starchy food, such as rice or pasta. Not sweetened fruit juice and smoothies count too, but only one portion. More than one does not count because the loose sugar and acid in them can damage people’s teeth.

3. Foods with added sterols and stanols

Sterols and stanols are plant chemicals that are the same in size and shape as cholesterol. They are absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream and block a few cholesterols from being absorbed, lowering the cholesterol in the blood. people get a small number of sterols from plant-based foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, but it is not enough to lower cholesterol. So, food companies have developed foods with plant sterols or stanols added to them, like mini yogurt drinks, fat spreads, milk, and yogurts. These fortified foods lower people’s cholesterol gradually, over a few weeks, and how much depends on the amount people eat. A few experts believe those are the most effective single food for lowering cholesterol. Who people should eat foods with sterols and stanols added? Sterols and stanols have been thoroughly researched, so they could be added to foods and are safe to eat.

They are suitable for:

• People with high cholesterol – there is no real benefit if people do not have high cholesterol.
• Children with inherited high cholesterol such as familial hypercholesterolemia – with support from a doctor or dietitian.
• People taking statins – sterols and stanols will assist to lower their cholesterol further because they work in a different way than a statin.

They are not suitable for:

• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• A child who does not have an inherited condition.
• They won’t have much effect if people are taking Ezetrol (Ezetimibe) because they both work the same.

Aim for: one to three servings of fortified foods per day. This will give people 1.5 to 3g of stanols and sterols.

Over three weeks, this could lower people’s cholesterol by up to 10%. There is no extra benefit to having more than 3g per day.

Three servings of:

• 2 tsp fat spread
• 1 glass of milk (250ml)

OR

One product a day:

• 1 yogurt (120g)
• one fortified yogurt mini-drink (65-100g bottle), which could be a dairy product or dairy-free. This would be enough sterols and stanols for the whole day.

4. Oats and barley

Oats and barley are grains that are rich in a type of fiber named beta-glucan. Eating 3g of beta-glucan per day as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle could assist to lower cholesterol. When people eat beta-glucan, it forms a gel that binds to cholesterol-rich bile acids in the intestines. These benefits limit the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed from the gut into their blood. The liver then has to take more cholesterol out of the blood to make more bile, which lowers the blood cholesterol.

Aim for: three servings of the following oat-based products or barley each day to give people about 3g of beta-glucans.

• The bowl of porridge – which is 30g of dry oats or a sachet of instant porridge
• The bowl of oat-based breakfast cereal flakes – around 30g to 35g
• 250 ml of the Oat Drink containing beta-glucans (not all oat drinks contain beta-glucan so check to make sure)
• 1 breakfast cereal oat type ‘biscuit’
• 1-2 Tablespoon (13g) oat bran – try sprinkling it onto cereals or adding it to casseroles, stews, soups, and smoothies
• 3 oatcakes
• 30g oats added to recipes
• 75g cooked pearl barley – try adding it to stews, casseroles, and soups

Many products now contain oats, which makes it easier to get people two to four servings. Foods that have a claim on the label saying they lower cholesterol would contain 1g or more of beta-glucan.

5. Nuts

Nuts are a good source of unsaturated fats and are lower in saturated fats, a mix that can help to keep their cholesterol in check. They contain fiber which can assist block some cholesterol being absorbed into the bloodstream from the gut, as well as protein, vitamin E, magnesium, potassium, natural plant sterols, and other plant nutrients which help keep people’s bodies healthy. People are also filling, so they are less likely to snack on other things.

Aim for: 28g to 30g of nuts per day, which is around a handful.

All nuts count. Choose a variety and eat them instead of people’s normal snacks or as part of a meal. Where possible, go for a kind with their skins still intact as those contain more nutrients. Good options are:

• almonds, peanuts, macadamias, nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, walnuts, and pecans.

6. Soya foods

Soya beans and the foods that are made from those are perfect for a heart-healthy diet. They are full of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and they are low in saturated fat. Soya products are a good option for replacing foods that are high in saturated fat such as meat, full-fat cream, and dairy products, and snacks such as crisps.

Aim for: around two to three servings of soya the foods day.

One serving is:

• The large glass (250ml) of soya milk
• 150g plain soya alternative to yogurt
• 150g Greek-style soya alternative to yogurt
• 100g soya mince
• The handful of soya nuts (35g) – also known as roasted edamame beans, people will find in the nuts and snacks section
• edamame beans, about 120g – people will find them in the frozen foods section
• 100g tofu – silken or firm

Get Regular Physical Activity

The latest physical activity guidelines for Americans. That recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise every week, or 75 minutes if engaging in more vigorous physical activity, like jogging or running. Doing weight or resistance-based strength training on two or more days of the week adds additional health benefits.

Getting Exercise

• Regular exercise lowers the risk of death from heart disease and helps lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, specifically when combined with a healthy diet. Just 30 minutes of moderate exercise 5 times each week can help people lose weight or maintain a proper weight, lower low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels, and increase levels of High-density lipoprotein. Studies show that every 10 minutes of added exercise per session is associated with a 1.4 mg/dL raise in High-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Exercise may also lower blood pressure. Talk to the doctor before starting a new exercise program.
• Being active and exercising regularly will increase the levels of High-density lipoprotein in people’s bodies. Exercise stimulates the body to move fatty deposits to the liver, so those can be broken down.
• Exercise will also help people maintain a healthy weight, and lose weight if people are overweight. Being overweight can raise the amount of “bad cholesterol” in people’s blood.
• Physical activity will help lower people’s blood pressure by keeping people’s hearts and blood vessels in good condition.
• Doing 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week is recommended to help lower people’s cholesterol. Walking, swimming, and cycling are good examples of these types of exercise.

Quit Smoking

Quitting smoking, or not beginning, is one of the major recommendations by the AHA to control high cholesterol and heart disease. After 15 years of not smoking, a former smoker’s risk of heart disease is the same as A few people who have never smoked. For cholesterol levels especially, tobacco use is known to damage blood vessels and lower High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which at normal levels protects against heart disease, specifically in women.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known as the “good” cholesterol because it assists remove other forms of cholesterol from people’s bloodstream. A chemical found in cigarettes stops High-density lipoprotein from transporting fatty deposits to the liver. This causes high cholesterol and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This means smoking is a major risk factor for both strokes and heart attacks. If people decide to stop smoking, the GP can refer people to the HSE’s free stop-smoking service. This would provide people with dedicated help and advice about the best ways to give up smoking.

Maintain a Normal Weight

Having a BMI(Body mass index) in the overweight or obese range highly correlates with having extra body fat, which in turn can affect how people’s body processes cholesterol. Excess body fat also slows down the ability to remove low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the blood, raising the levels and increasing people’s risk of heart attack and stroke.

Limit Alcohol Intake

Excess alcohol intake, defined as more than two drinks per day for men and one drink for women, can raise cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A study published in 2020 reviewed the effects of alcohol on high cholesterol and heart disease and found that the effects of alcohol on overall health vary widely, depending on the amount and consumption pattern.

The same heart-healthy lifestyle changes that can lower people’s cholesterol can assist prevent people from having high cholesterol in the first place. people can not control the genetic risk factors for high cholesterol. Although, lifestyle factors can be managed. To assist prevent high cholesterol, people can:

• Eat a low-salt diet that emphasizes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
• Limit the number of animal fats and utilize good fats in moderation
• Lose extra pounds and maintain the healthy weight
• Quit smoking or Avoid smoking.
• Exercise on most days of per week for at least 30 minutes or Exercise regularly.
• Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all, or Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
• Manage stress
• Eat a nutritious diet that is low in cholesterol and animal fats, and high in fiber.

Follow the doctor’s recommendations for routine cholesterol screening. If people are at risk of high cholesterol or coronary heart disease, they will likely encourage people to get their cholesterol levels tested regularly. Try to:

• avoid drinking more than the recommended weekly units – eleven standard drinks for women and seventeen standard drinks for men
• have several drink-free days per week
• avoid drinking lots of alcohol in a shorter time (binge drinking)

Ask the GP for help and advice if people are struggling to cut down.

Questions to ask the doctor

• Am I at risk for heart disease?
• How frequently should I get my cholesterol tested?
• What are my cholesterol levels? Are they high?
• What lifestyle changes do I require to make to assist improve my cholesterol levels and heart health?
• Do I need cholesterol medicine?
• What are the side effects of the medicine?

DOs and DON’Ts in Managing High Cholesterol:

• DO exercise regularly.
• DO eat more vegetables and fruits and high-fiber foods such as oat bran. Lower the daily carbohydrate intake if people are overweight. Eat less saturated fats. Read the ingredients on food labels. Cook with oils high in polyunsaturated fats such as safflower oils, sunflower oils, and corn oils (omega-6 fatty acids).
• DO eat fish (fish oils include omega-3 fatty acids).
• DO stop smoking.
• DO lose weight by changing people’s diet and doing aerobic exercises such as walking, jogging, bicycling, or swimming. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day, 3 or 4 days per week.
• DON’T forget to treat other medical conditions.
• DON’T forget to take the usual medicines.
• DON’T change the diet or medicines without the doctor’s approval.

Prognosis

High cholesterol levels can lead to the hardening of the arteries, also named atherosclerosis. This happens when fat, cholesterol and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques. Over time, these plaques can block the arteries and lead to heart disease, stroke, and other symptoms or problems throughout the body. Disorders that are passed down through families frequently lead to higher cholesterol levels that are harder to control.

Summary

In most cases, high cholesterol has no symptoms. But without treatment, high cholesterol can lead to serious health issues. The good news is that the doctor can help people manage this condition, and in many cases, can help people avoid complications. To learn if people have high cholesterol, ask the doctor to test their cholesterol levels, specifically if people are 20 years or older. If they diagnose people with high cholesterol, ask them about people’s treatment options. To lower the risk of complications from high cholesterol, practice healthy lifestyle habits and follow the doctor’s recommended treatment plan. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco products may assist people to achieve and maintain healthy cholesterol levels. It could also help lower the risk of complications from high cholesterol.

DISCLAIMER:

This article is intended or purposeful for your general informational purposes only and does not address particular circumstances. it is not a substitute for professional advice(or guidance) or help( or assistance) and should not be relied on to make decisions of any kind. A few or any actions you take upon the information presented in this article are strictly at your own risk and responsibility.

FAQs

Author: Dr.Esha Patel

Physiotherapist in Mobile Physiotherapy clinic Bapunagar, Ahmedabad