Ankle Bones
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Anatomy of Ankle

Overview The ankle is one of the most versatile and hardworking joints in the human body. It smoothly adjusts with each step to absorb shock, adapt to uneven terrain, and provide the stability and mobility necessary for activities from walking to jumping. Comprised of an intricate network of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, and…

knee-popping
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Knee Popping and Pain

Knee popping, often accompanied by pain, is a common concern that many individuals experience at some point in their lives. The knee is a complex joint, consisting of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, and its proper functioning is crucial for maintaining mobility and stability. On the other hand, knee popping and pain may also occur,…

Acromioclavicular Joint
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Acromioclavicular Joint

Introduction The acromioclavicular joint, often abbreviated as the AC joint, is a critical anatomical structure located at the top of the shoulder where the acromion process of the scapula (shoulder blade) articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle (collarbone). This joint plays a crucial role in the stability and functionality of the shoulder complex,…

Carpometacarpal joint
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Carpometacarpal Joint

What is Carpometacarpal Joint? The articulations between the carpal bones (carpals) & metacarpal bones (metacarpals) of the hand are called the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints. There are five carpometacarpal joints with the thumb’s carpometacarpal joint, which is also understood as the trapeziometacarpal joint standing as considerably specialized & flexible. The remaining 4 carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are…

Goniometer
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Range of Motion (ROM)

What is a Range of Motion (ROM)? Range of Motion (ROM) refers to the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part. It is a critical component of assessing and evaluating an individual’s flexibility, mobility, and functional abilities. ROM measurements are commonly used in various fields, including physical therapy, rehabilitation, sports medicine, and…

Shoulder joint
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Shoulder Joint

Shoulder Joint Anatomy The shoulder joint (or glenohumeral joint from Greek glene, eyeball, + -oid, ‘form of’, + Latin humerus, shoulder) is structurally classified as a synovial ball and socket joint and functionally as a diarthrosis and multiaxial joint. It involves articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of…

Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis

Introduction Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist, or spine. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when…